शर्ध
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শৰ্ধ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬃᬥ (Balinese script)
- শর্ধ (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰨𑰿𑰠 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀭𑁆𑀥 (Brahmi script)
- ၐရ်္ဓ (Burmese script)
- શર્ધ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ਰ੍ਧ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑌰𑍍𑌧 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦂꦣ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂩𑂹𑂡 (Kaithi script)
- ಶರ್ಧ (Kannada script)
- ឝធ៌ (Khmer script)
- ຨຣ຺ຘ (Lao script)
- ശര്ധ (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᠠᡵᢡᠠ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘨𑘿𑘠 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠠᠷᢑᠾᠠ᠋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧈𑧠𑧀 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐬𑑂𑐢 (Newa script)
- ଶର୍ଧ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢬ꣄ꢤ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆫𑇀𑆣 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖨𑖿𑖠 (Siddham script)
- ශර්ධ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩼 𑪙𑩮 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚤𑚶𑚜 (Takri script)
- ஶர்த⁴ (Tamil script)
- శర్ధ (Telugu script)
- ศรฺธ (Thai script)
- ཤ་རྡྷ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒩𑓂𑒡 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨫𑩇𑨜 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
Uncertain. Probably related to Avestan 𐬯𐬀𐬭𐬆𐬜𐬀 (sarəδa). The term may be derived from Proto-Indo-Aryan *śárdʰas, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćárdʰas, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kerdʰ- (“herd, row”). If so, it is perhaps further connected to Russian череда́ (čeredá, “train, sequence”), Ancient Greek κόρθυς (kórthus, “heap”), Old English heord (whence English herd). However, this comparison is somewhat suspicious to the semantic differences between the Indo-Iranian forms and the proposed cognates.[1] This connection is rejected by Mayrhofer,[2] who presumes that the original meaning of the root was "to be strong." Lubotsky, however, considers there to be no evidence for such an original sense.[3]
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕɐ́ɾ.dʱɐ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕɐɾ.d̪ʱɐ/
Noun
शर्ध॑ • (śárdha) stem, m
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शर्धः॑ (śárdhaḥ) | शर्धौ॑ (śárdhau) शर्धा॑¹ (śárdhā¹) |
शर्धाः॑ (śárdhāḥ) शर्धा॑सः¹ (śárdhāsaḥ¹) |
| accusative | शर्ध॑म् (śárdham) | शर्धौ॑ (śárdhau) शर्धा॑¹ (śárdhā¹) |
शर्धा॑न् (śárdhān) |
| instrumental | शर्धे॑न (śárdhena) | शर्धा॑भ्याम् (śárdhābhyām) | शर्धैः॑ (śárdhaiḥ) शर्धे॑भिः¹ (śárdhebhiḥ¹) |
| dative | शर्धा॑य (śárdhāya) | शर्धा॑भ्याम् (śárdhābhyām) | शर्धे॑भ्यः (śárdhebhyaḥ) |
| ablative | शर्धा॑त् (śárdhāt) | शर्धा॑भ्याम् (śárdhābhyām) | शर्धे॑भ्यः (śárdhebhyaḥ) |
| genitive | शर्ध॑स्य (śárdhasya) | शर्ध॑योः (śárdhayoḥ) | शर्धा॑नाम् (śárdhānām) |
| locative | शर्धे॑ (śárdhe) | शर्ध॑योः (śárdhayoḥ) | शर्धे॑षु (śárdheṣu) |
| vocative | शर्ध॑ (śárdha) | शर्धौ॑ (śárdhau) शर्धा॑¹ (śárdhā¹) |
शर्धाः॑ (śárdhāḥ) शर्धा॑सः¹ (śárdhāsaḥ¹) |
- ¹Vedic
References
- ^ Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*kerdheha-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 268
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992–2001), “ŚARDH”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 619-620
- ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2001), “Reflexes of Proto-Indo-European *sk in Indo-Iranian”, in Incontri linguistici[2], volume 24, pages 22-23
- Monier Williams (1899), “शर्ध”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1058/2.