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This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Germanic
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-European *se + *ge.[1][2] Compare *mek and *þek.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /sek/
- Rhymes: -ek
Pronoun
*sek
- accusative of *se-
Descendants
- Proto-West Germanic: *sik
- Old English: sic, sig (hapax legomenon)
- Old Frisian: sik (likely borrowed)
- Old Saxon: sik
- Middle Low German: sik, sek, sich (reinforced by Middle High German sich)
- German Low German: sik, sük
- Old Dutch: sik, sic, sich, sig (only in Limburgish)
- Middle Dutch: sich, sic, sik (spread to other eastern dialects)
- Dutch: zich (standardized, likely reinforced by German sich)
- Afrikaans: sig (rare, obsolete)
- Limburgish: zich
- Old High German: sih
- Middle High German: sich
- Bavarian: si, sich
- Central Franconian: sich, sech
- East Central German: sich
- German: sich
- Yiddish: זיך (zikh)
- → Middle Dutch: sich
- → Middle Low German: sik, sek (adapted to native mik, dik)
- Low German: sik, sick (variant spelling), sük, sück (East Frisian, northern Emsland), sek, seck (Eastphalian, East Prussian), sich (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)
- Old Norse: sik
- Icelandic: sig
- Faroese: seg
- Norwegian Bokmål: seg
- Norwegian Nynorsk: seg
- Jamtish: seg
- Old Swedish: sik
- Danish: sig
- Old Norse: -sk (passive verb suffix)
- Icelandic: -st
- Norwegian:
- Norwegian Bokmål: -s
- Norwegian Nynorsk: -st
- Swedish: -s
- Danish: -s
- Gothic: 𐍃𐌹𐌺 (sik)
References
- ^ Dunkel, George E. (2014), Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme [Lexicon of Indo-European Particles and Pronominal Stems] (in German), volume 2: Lexikon, Heidelberg: Universitätsverlag Winter, →ISBN, page 282
- ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*seke”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 323