Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/sik

This Proto-West Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-West Germanic

Etymology

From Proto-Germanic *sek.

Pronoun

*sik^[1]

(reflexive pronoun) himself, herself, itself, themselves, oneself

Inflection

Proto-West Germanic personal pronouns
singular	first person	second person	reflexive
nominative	*ik	*þū	-
accusative	*mik	*þik	*sik
dative	*miʀ	*þiʀ	*sik
possessive	*mīn	*þīn	*sīn
dual	first person	second person	reflexive
nominative	*wit	*jit	-
accusative	*unk	*inkw	*sik
dative	*unk		*sik
possessive	*unkar	*inkwar	*sīn
plural	first person	second person	reflexive
nominative	*wiʀ	*jiʀ	-
accusative	*uns	*iwwi	*sik
dative	*uns	*iwwi	*sik
possessive	*unsar	*iuwar	*sīn

Descendants

Old English: sic, sig (hapax legomenon)
Old Frisian: sik (likely borrowed)
- Saterland Frisian: sik
Old Saxon: sik
- Middle Low German: sik, sek, sich (reinforced by Middle High German sich)
  - German Low German: sik, sük
Old Dutch: sik, sic, sich, sig (only in Limburgish)
- Middle Dutch: sich, sic, sik (spread to other eastern dialects)
  - Dutch: zich (standardized, likely reinforced by German sich)
    - Afrikaans: sig (rare, obsolete)
- Limburgish: zich
Old High German: sih
- Middle High German: sich
  - Bavarian: si, sich
    - Cimbrian: zich
  - Central Franconian: sich, sech
    - Hunsrik: sich
    - Luxembourgish: sech
  - East Central German: sich
    - Zipser German: ßich
  - German: sich
  - Yiddish: זיך (zikh)
  - → Middle Dutch: sich
    - → Dutch: zich
  - → Middle Low German: sik, sek (adapted to native mik, dik)
    - Low German: sik, sick (variant spelling), sük, sück (East Frisian, northern Emsland), sek, seck (Eastphalian, East Prussian), sich (Mecklenburg-Vorpommern)

References

^ Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 125: “*sik”

[1] Ringe, Donald; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English (A Linguistic History of English; 2), Oxford: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 125: “*sik”

[1]