Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gāną

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Alternative forms

  • *gēną

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰeh₁- (“to go, reach”).[1] The suppletive past tense is from Proto-Indo-European *h₁ey- (“to go”), although all modern Germanic languages have eliminated this stem by further suppletion or innovation.

    Pronunciation

    • IPA(key): /ˈɣɑː.nɑ̃/

    Verb

    *gāną

    1. to go, walk
      Synonyms: *ganganą, *līþaną

    Inflection

    Irregular; the present is similar to verbs of weak class 3-ā. The past is suppletive and is formed with a stem *ijj-.

    Conjugation of *gāną (irregular, suppletive)
    active voice passive voice
    present tense indicative subjunctive imperative indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *gō ? — — —
    2nd singular *gaisi ? *gai — —
    3rd singular *gaiþi ? *gāþau — —
    1st dual *gōs ? — — —
    2nd dual *gāþiz ? *gāþiz — —
    1st plural *gāmaz ? — — —
    2nd plural *gaiþ ? *gaiþ — —
    3rd plural *gānþi ? *gānþau — —
    past tense indicative subjunctive
    1st singular *ijjǭ *ijjēdį̄
    2nd singular *ijjēz *ijjēdīz
    3rd singular *ijjē *ijjēdī
    1st dual *ijjēdū *ijjēdīw
    2nd dual *ijjēdudiz *ijjēdīdiz
    1st plural *ijjēdum *ijjēdīm
    2nd plural *ijjēdud *ijjēdīd
    3rd plural *ijjēdun *ijjēdīn
    present past
    participles *gāndz *gānaz

    Descendants

    References

    1. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*gēn-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 174-5
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