Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/bō-

This Proto-Germanic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Germanic

Etymology

    From Proto-Indo-European *bʰā-, *bʰāt- (“father, (elder) brother”), which appears to be a papa-type nursery word.[1] Cognate with Lithuanian batis (“father, dad, friend”), Proto-Slavic *batę (“older male relative or brother, dad”) (whence Russian ба́тя (bátja, “dad”)).

    Noun

    *bō-, *bōbō-, *bōl-, *bōj- m

    1. A stem meaning father, brother, close male relation.

    Alternative reconstructions

    • *ba-

    Derived terms

    • *babô (reduplicated)
      • Proto-West Germanic: *babō
        • Old English: *baba
        • Old Frisian: Bavo (male forename)
        • Old High German: *babo (attested as Babo (male given name))
    • *bōbô (reduplicated)
      • Proto-West Germanic: *bōbō
        • Old English: *bōba, *bōfa (attested as Bōba, Bōfa (male given names))
        • Old Frisian: *bōba, *bōfa, *bōva
          • Saterland Frisian: Boube
          • West Frisian: boef
          • ⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaft (“villainous”)
            • ⇒ Old Frisian: bōfhaftich, bōfheftich, bōfachtich (“villainous, base, mean”)
          • Old Frisian: bōverīe (“rascality”)
        • Old Saxon: *bōvo (attested as Bōvo (male given name))
        • Frankish: *buobo; *Buobo (male forename)
          • Old Dutch: *buovo
            • Middle Dutch: boef, boeve, bouve
        • Old High German: *buobo (attested as Bubō (male given name))
          • Middle High German: buobe, puobe
          Lombardic: *bōbo (attested as Bōbo (male forename))
      • Old Norse: bófi
    • *bōlô (diminutive)
      • Proto-West Germanic: *bōlō
        • Old English: *bōla (attested as Bōla, Bōlla (male given name))
        • Old Frisian: bōla
        • Old Saxon: *bōlo
        • Frankish: *buolo
          • Old Dutch: *buolo
        • Old High German: *buolo, *puole, *buola
          • Middle High German: buole, puole
            • German: Buhle
            • Vilamovian: buwła
    • *bōjô (diminutive)
      • Proto-West Germanic: *bōjō
        • Old English: *bōia (attested as Bōia (male given name))
        • Old Frisian: boy, boi; Boio (male given name)
        • Old Saxon: *bōjo, (attested as Bōjo (male given name))
          • Middle Low German: *bôie
            • German Low German: Boi
        • Old Dutch: *buoi
        • → Old French: boi, boy
        • Old High German: *buoi
          • Middle High German: *buoi
            • Bavarian: Bui (South Tyrolean)
      • Gothic: *𐌱𐍉𐌹𐍉 (*bōiō, male given name)
    • *bōsô (possibly)
      • Old Norse: bósi
        • Icelandic: bósi
        • Faroese: bósi
    • Unsorted:
      • Old Frisian: bobba
      • Old Dutch: *babbo
        • Middle Dutch: Babbo (male forename)
          • ⇒ Middle Dutch: Babbekin
            • Dutch: Babbetje
      • >? Old High German: *buo
        • Middle High German: *buo, *bue
          • Bavarian: Bua
          • Cimbrian: pua
          • Mòcheno: pua
          • Pennsylvania German: Buh, Bu
      • Old Norse: *bóa
        • Norwegian: boa (dialectal)
      • Old Norse: *babbi
      • >? Proto-Germanic: *baswô
        • Proto-West Germanic: *baswō
          • Old Frisian: *basa; bas (possibly borrowed from Middle Low German)
          • Old Saxon: *baso
          • Old Dutch: *baso
            • Middle Dutch: baes
              • Dutch: baas
                • Afrikaans: baas
                • Negerhollands: baas, baes
                • → Lokono: basia
                • → Aukan: basi
                • → Belizean Creole: baas
                • → Caribbean Hindustani: bás
                • → Caribbean Javanese: bas
                • → English: boss
                • → Guyanese Creole English: baas
                • → Indonesian: bas (“boss”)
                • → Jamaican Creole: baas
                • → Kwinti: basia
                • → Papiamentu: bas, baas, ba
                • → Saramaccan: bási
                • → Sranan Tongo: basi
                  • → Kari'na: ba`si
                  • → Trió: paasi
                • → West Frisian: baas
              • West Flemish: baos
                • → French: bausse

    References

    1. ^ Vladimir Orel (2003), “*ƀōƀōn”, in A Handbook of Germanic Etymology‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 51
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