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This Proto-Celtic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.
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Proto-Celtic
Etymology
From a reduplicated present Proto-Indo-European *h₁í-h₁eyǵʰ-ti ~ *h₁í-h₁iǵʰ-n̥ti from *h₁eyǵʰ-.[1][2] Distantly related to Ancient Greek ἰχανάω (ikhanáō, “to desire”) and Sanskrit ईहति (īhati, “to desire”).
Verb
*yeigeti
- to scream, cry out
Inflection
| Thematic present
|
| Active voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*yeigū
|
*yeigemam
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*yeigesi
|
*yeigetās
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*yeigeti
|
*yeigeto
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*yeigomosi
|
*yeigemo
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*yeigetesi
|
*yeigestē
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*yeigonti
|
*yeigento
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*yeixsū
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*yeixsesi
|
?
|
*yeige
|
| 3rd singular
|
*yeixseti
|
?
|
*yeigetou
|
| 1st plural
|
*yeixsomosi
|
?
|
*yeigomos
|
| 2nd plural
|
*yeixsetesi
|
?
|
*yeigete
|
| 3rd plural
|
*yeixsonti
|
?
|
*yeigontou
|
| Passive voice
|
|
|
Present
|
Imperfect
|
Future
|
Preterite
|
| 1st singular
|
*yeigūr
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*yeigetar
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*yeigetor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*yeigommor
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*yeigedwe
|
—
|
?
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*yeigontor
|
?
|
?
|
—
|
|
|
Pres. subjunctive
|
Past subjunctive
|
Imperative
|
|
| 1st singular
|
*yeixsūr
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd singular
|
*yeixsetar
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd singular
|
*yeixsetor
|
—
|
—
|
| 1st plural
|
*yeixsommor
|
—
|
—
|
| 2nd plural
|
*yeixsedwe
|
—
|
—
|
| 3rd plural
|
*yeixsontor
|
—
|
—
|
Declension of the present participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*yeigonts
|
*yeigonte
|
*yeigontes
|
| vocative
|
*yeigonts
|
*yeigonte
|
*yeigontes
|
| accusative
|
*yeigontam
|
*yeigonte
|
*yeigontans
|
| genitive
|
*yeigantos
|
*?
|
*yeigantom
|
| dative
|
*yeigantei
|
*yeigantbom
|
*yeigantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*yeigantī?
|
*yeigantbim
|
*yeigantbis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*yeigantī
|
*yeigantī
|
*yeigantiyās
|
| vocative
|
*yeigantī
|
*yeigantī
|
*yeigantiyās
|
| accusative
|
*yeigantīm
|
*yeigantī
|
*yeigantiyans
|
| genitive
|
*yeigantyās
|
*?
|
*yeigantyom
|
| dative
|
*yeigantyāi
|
*yeigantyābom
|
*yeigantyābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*yeigantyābim
|
*yeigantyābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*yeigont
|
*?
|
*yeigonta
|
| vocative
|
*yeigont
|
*?
|
*yeigonta
|
| accusative
|
*yeigont
|
*?
|
*yeigonta
|
| genitive
|
*yeigantos
|
*?
|
*yeigantom
|
| dative
|
*yeigantei
|
*?
|
*yeigantbos
|
| instrumental
|
*yeigantī?
|
*?
|
*yeigantbis
|
Declension of the middle participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*yeigomnos
|
*yeigomnou
|
*yeigomnoi
|
| vocative
|
*yeigomne
|
*yeigomnou
|
*yeigomnoi
|
| accusative
|
*yeigomnom
|
*yeigomnou
|
*yeigomnons
|
| genitive
|
*yeigomnī
|
*yeigomnous
|
*yeigomnom
|
| dative
|
*yeigomnūi
|
*yeigomnobom
|
*yeigomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*yeigomnū
|
*yeigomnobim
|
*yeigomnobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*yeigomnā
|
*yeigomnai
|
*yeigomnās
|
| vocative
|
*yeigomnā
|
*yeigomnai
|
*yeigomnās
|
| accusative
|
*yeigomnam
|
*yeigomnai
|
*yeigomnans
|
| genitive
|
*yeigomnās
|
*yeigomnous
|
*yeigomnom
|
| dative
|
*yeigomnai
|
*yeigomnābom
|
*yeigomnābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*yeigomnābim
|
*yeigomnābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*yeigomnom
|
*yeigomnou
|
*yeigomnā
|
| vocative
|
*yeigomnom
|
*yeigomnou
|
*yeigomnā
|
| accusative
|
*yeigomnom
|
*yeigomnou
|
*yeigomnā
|
| genitive
|
*yeigomnī
|
*yeigomnous
|
*yeigomnom
|
| dative
|
*yeigomnūi
|
*yeigomnobom
|
*yeigomnobos
|
| instrumental
|
*yeigomnū
|
*yeigomnobim
|
*yeigomnobis
|
Declension of the past participle
| masculine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*yeixtos
|
*yeixtou
|
*yeixtoi
|
| vocative
|
*yeixte
|
*yeixtou
|
*yeixtoi
|
| accusative
|
*yeixtom
|
*yeixtou
|
*yeixtons
|
| genitive
|
*yeixtī
|
*yeixtous
|
*yeixtom
|
| dative
|
*yeixtūi
|
*yeixtobom
|
*yeixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*yeixtū
|
*yeixtobim
|
*yeixtobis
|
| feminine
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*yeixtā
|
*yeixtai
|
*yeixtās
|
| vocative
|
*yeixtā
|
*yeixtai
|
*yeixtās
|
| accusative
|
*yeixtam
|
*yeixtai
|
*yeixtans
|
| genitive
|
*yeixtās
|
*yeixtous
|
*yeixtom
|
| dative
|
*yeixtai
|
*yeixtābom
|
*yeixtābos
|
| instrumental
|
*?
|
*yeixtābim
|
*yeixtābis
|
| neuter
|
singular
|
dual
|
plural
|
| nominative
|
*yeixtom
|
*yeixtou
|
*yeixtā
|
| vocative
|
*yeixtom
|
*yeixtou
|
*yeixtā
|
| accusative
|
*yeixtom
|
*yeixtou
|
*yeixtā
|
| genitive
|
*yeixtī
|
*yeixtous
|
*yeixtom
|
| dative
|
*yeixtūi
|
*yeixtobom
|
*yeixtobos
|
| instrumental
|
*yeixtū
|
*yeixtobim
|
*yeixtobis
|
Derived terms
- *yeixtos (from past participle)
- Middle Irish: íacht
- ⇒ Old Irish: íachtaid
Descendants
- Old Irish: éigid
- Middle Irish: éigid
- Irish: éigh
- Manx: eie
- Scottish Gaelic: èigh
- Gaulish: íegumi (1sg. pres.), íexsetesi (2pl. subj.), íexs (2sg. imperative)
References
- ^ Mees, Bernard (14 December 2011), “Words from the well at Gallo-Roman Châteaubleau”, in Zeitschrift für celtische Philologie, volume 58, number 1, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 87–108
- ^ Darling, Mark (2020), The Subjunctive in Celtic: Studies in Historical Phonology and Morphology[1], University of Cambridge, →DOI, page 118