𑀞𑀟𑁆𑀠
Prakrit
Etymology
Etymology tree
From 𑀣𑀟𑁆𑀠 (thaḍḍha) with retroflex assimilation. See there for more.
The semantic development went from "firm" to "sluggish" to "cold". Descendants of *𑀞𑀁𑀠 (*ṭhaṃḍha) with spontaneous nasalization are via semantic and phonetic influence from Proto-Dravidian *taṇ (“cool, cold”).
Adjective
𑀞𑀟𑁆𑀠 (ṭhaḍḍha) (Devanagari ठड्ढ)
Descendants
See also descendants of 𑀣𑀟𑁆𑀠 (thaḍḍha) and 𑀣𑀟𑁆𑀠𑀺𑀅 (thaḍḍhia).
With meaning of "stiff, erect" from 𑀞𑀟𑁆𑀠 (ṭhaḍḍha)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Old Awadhi: ठाढ (ṭhāḍha)
- Old Hindi: ठाढ (ṭhāḍha), ठाढा (ṭhāḍhā), ठाडा (ṭhāḍā)
- → Marathi: ठाडा (ṭhāḍā, “erect”)
- → Punjabi:
- Gurmukhi script: ਠਾਢਾ (ṭhāḍhā)
- Shahmukhi script: ٹھاڈھا (ṭhāḍhā)
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Assamese: থাৰু (tharu)
- Bengali: ঠাড় (ṭhaṛ), ঠাড়া (ṭhaṛa)
- Odia: ଠାଡ (ṭhāḍa)
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Kumaoni: ठाड़ो (ṭhāṛo)
- Nepali: ठाड़ो (ṭhāṛo)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
With meaning of "cold" from 𑀞𑀁𑀠 (ṭhaṃḍha)
- Central Indo-Aryan:
- Eastern Indo-Aryan:
- Northern Indo-Aryan:
- Kumaoni: ठनो (ṭhano)
- Nepali: ठण्डा (ṭhaṇḍā)
- Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
- Western Indo-Aryan:
- Gujarati: ઠંડું (ṭhaṇḍũ), ટાઢું (ṭāḍhũ), તાઢું (tāḍhũ, “sluggish, cold”)
References
- Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “ठड्ढ”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author].
- Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “stabdha”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 788