降服

See also: 降伏

Chinese

Etymology 1

		to surrender; to subdue	to submit
trad. (降服)		降	服
simp. ^#(降服)		降	服

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiángfú

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hong⁴ fuk⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): hòng-fu̍k / kong-fu̍k

(Hailu, HRS): hong fug^ˋ / gong^ˇ fug^ˋ
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hâng-ho̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiángfú
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siángfú
  - Wade–Giles: hsiang²-fu²
  - Yale: syáng-fú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyangfwu
  - Palladius: сянфу (sjanfu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵ fu³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    降伏
    降服
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hong⁴ fuk⁶
  - Yale: hòhng fuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁴ fuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hong⁴ fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²¹ fʊk̚²/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    降伏
    降服
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hòng-fu̍k / kong-fu̍k
  - Hakka Romanization System: hong^ˇ fug / gong fug
  - Hagfa Pinyim: hong² fug⁶ / gong⁴ fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /hoŋ¹¹ fuk̚⁵/, /koŋ⁵⁵ fuk̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: hong fug^ˋ / gong^ˇ fug^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /hoŋ⁵⁵ fuk²/, /koŋ¹¹ fuk²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâng-ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hâng-ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hanghok
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³⁻²² hɔk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚⁴/

Verb

降服

(intransitive) to submit; to yield
(transitive) to subdue

Synonyms

(to submit):

edit

屈從 / 屈从 (qūcóng)
屈服 (qūfú)
投降 (tóuxiáng)
臣服 (chénfú)

(to subdue):

edit

制服 (zhìfú)
收服 (shōufú)
治服 (zhìfú)
降伏 (xiángfú)
馴服 / 驯服 (xùnfú)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to submit”):

edit

不屈 (bùqū)

Etymology 2

		to drop; to descend	clothes; dress; garment
trad. (降服)		降	服
simp. ^#(降服)		降	服

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiàngfú

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄈㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): gong³ fuk⁶

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiàngfú
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄤˋ ㄈㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiàngfú
  - Wade–Giles: chiang⁴-fu²
  - Yale: jyàng-fú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jianqfwu
  - Palladius: цзянфу (czjanfu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɑŋ⁵¹ fu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: gong³ fuk⁶
  - Yale: gong fuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: gong³ fuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gong³ fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɔːŋ³³ fʊk̚²/

Noun

降服

(archaic) mourning garment of a lower level

Verb

降服

(literary) to take off one's court dress and ask for forgiveness

Japanese

Kanji in this term
降	服
こう Grade: 6	ふく Grade: 3
on'yomi

Noun

降(こう)服(ふく) • (kōfuku)

alternative form of 降伏

Verb

降(こう)服(ふく)する • (kōfuku suru) suru (stem 降(こう)服(ふく)し (kōfuku shi), past 降(こう)服(ふく)した (kōfuku shita))

alternative form of 降伏

Conjugation

Conjugation of "降服する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	降服し	こうふくし	kōfuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	降服し	こうふくし	kōfuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	降服する	こうふくする	kōfuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	降服する	こうふくする	kōfuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	降服すれ	こうふくすれ	kōfuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	降服せよ¹ 降服しろ²	こうふくせよ¹ こうふくしろ²	kōfuku seyo¹ kōfuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	降服される	こうふくされる	kōfuku sareru
Causative	降服させる降服さす	こうふくさせるこうふくさす	kōfuku saseru kōfuku sasu
Potential	降服できる	こうふくできる	kōfuku dekiru
Volitional	降服しよう	こうふくしよう	kōfuku shiyō
Negative	降服しない	こうふくしない	kōfuku shinai
Negative continuative	降服せず	こうふくせず	kōfuku sezu
Formal	降服します	こうふくします	kōfuku shimasu
Perfective	降服した	こうふくした	kōfuku shita
Conjunctive	降服して	こうふくして	kōfuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	降服すれば	こうふくすれば	kōfuku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“降服”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026