降伏

See also: 降服

Chinese

		to drop; to fall; to come down to drop; to fall; to come down; to descend; to surrender	conceal (ambush); prostrate; submit
trad. (降伏)		降	伏
simp. ^#(降伏)		降	伏

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiángfú

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): hong⁴ fuk⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hâng-ho̍k

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiángfú
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄤˊ ㄈㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siángfú
  - Wade–Giles: hsiang²-fu²
  - Yale: syáng-fú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyangfwu
  - Palladius: сянфу (sjanfu)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɑŋ³⁵ fu³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    降伏
    降服
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: hong⁴ fuk⁶
  - Yale: hòhng fuhk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: hong⁴ fuk⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: hong⁴ fug⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /hɔːŋ²¹ fʊk̚²/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    降伏
    降服
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hâng-ho̍k
  - Tâi-lô: hâng-ho̍k
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hanghok
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /haŋ²⁴⁻²² hɔk̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /haŋ¹³⁻²² hɔk̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /haŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hɔk̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /haŋ²³⁻³³ hɔk̚⁴/

Verb

降伏

to tame; to subdue

Synonyms

制服 (zhìfú)
收服 (shōufú)
治服 (zhìfú)
降服
馴服 / 驯服 (xùnfú)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
降	伏
こう Grade: 6	ふく Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
降服

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) こーふく [kòófúkú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ko̞ːɸɯ̟̊kɯ̟]

Noun

降(こう)伏(ふく) • (kōfuku)

surrender, capitulation
降(こう)伏(ふく)文(ぶん)書(しょ)
kōfuku bunsho
instrument of surrender
(materials science) yielding

Verb

降(こう)伏(ふく)する • (kōfuku suru) intransitive suru (stem 降(こう)伏(ふく)し (kōfuku shi), past 降(こう)伏(ふく)した (kōfuku shita))

to surrender, to capitulate
(materials science) to yield

Conjugation

Conjugation of "降伏する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	降伏し	こうふくし	kōfuku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	降伏し	こうふくし	kōfuku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	降伏する	こうふくする	kōfuku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	降伏する	こうふくする	kōfuku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	降伏すれ	こうふくすれ	kōfuku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	降伏せよ¹ 降伏しろ²	こうふくせよ¹ こうふくしろ²	kōfuku seyo¹ kōfuku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	降伏される	こうふくされる	kōfuku sareru
Causative	降伏させる降伏さす	こうふくさせるこうふくさす	kōfuku saseru kōfuku sasu
Potential	降伏できる	こうふくできる	kōfuku dekiru
Volitional	降伏しよう	こうふくしよう	kōfuku shiyō
Negative	降伏しない	こうふくしない	kōfuku shinai
Negative continuative	降伏せず	こうふくせず	kōfuku sezu
Formal	降伏します	こうふくします	kōfuku shimasu
Perfective	降伏した	こうふくした	kōfuku shita
Conjunctive	降伏して	こうふくして	kōfuku shite
Hypothetical conditional	降伏すれば	こうふくすれば	kōfuku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“降伏”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
降	伏

Alternative forms

降服

Noun

降伏 • (hangbok) (hangeul 항복)

hanja form^? of 항복 (“surrender”)