閉塞

See also: 闭塞

Chinese

		to close; stop up; shut to close; stop up; shut; obstruct	to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in to stuff; to stop up; to squeeze in; strategic pass; piston; unenlightened; Serb (abbrev.); Serbian
trad. (閉塞)		閉	塞
simp. (闭塞)		闭	塞

Etymology

block system: Wasei kango (和(わ)製(せい)漢(かん)語(ご)), orthographically borrowed from Japanese 閉(へい)塞(そく) (heisoku, “blockade”).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bìsè

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧˋ ㄙㄜˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): bai³ sak¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): pi-set
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): pì-sek / pì-sak

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bìsè
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧˋ ㄙㄜˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bìsè
  - Wade–Giles: pi⁴-sê⁴
  - Yale: bì-sè
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: bihseh
  - Palladius: бисэ (bisɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pi⁵¹⁻⁵³ sɤ⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    蔽塞
    閉塞 / 闭塞
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: bai³ sak¹
  - Yale: bai sāk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: bai³ sak⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: bei³ seg¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐi̯³³ sɐk̚⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    蔽塞
    閉塞 / 闭塞
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: pi-set
  - Hakka Romanization System: bi sed^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: bi⁴ sed⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /pi⁵⁵ set̚²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-sek
  - Tâi-lô: pì-sik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pieseg
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /pi²¹⁻⁵³ siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pì-sak
  - Tâi-lô: pì-sak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: piesag
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pi⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ sak̚⁵/

Verb

閉塞

to be stopped up; to be closed up

Synonyms

Antonyms

放行 (fàngxíng)
暢通 / 畅通 (chàngtōng)
通行 (tōngxíng)

Noun

閉塞

(rail transport) block system

Adjective

閉塞

hard to get to; out of the way; inaccessible
unenlightened; uninformed; conservative

Synonyms

(hard to get to):

偏僻 (piānpì)
偏遠 / 偏远 (piānyuǎn)
僻遠 / 僻远 (Hokkien)
絕 / 绝 (jué) (literary)
蔽塞 (bìsè)
迢迢 (tiáotiáo) (literary)
迢遙 / 迢遥 (tiáoyáo) (literary)
遙遠 / 遥远 (yáoyuǎn)
遼遠 / 辽远 (liáoyuǎn)
邊遠 / 边远 (biānyuǎn)

(unenlightened):

保守 (bǎoshǒu)
守舊 / 守旧 (shǒujiù)
頑固 / 顽固 (wángù)

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “unenlightened”):

通達 / 通达 (tōngdá)
進步 / 进步 (jìnbù)
開明 / 开明 (kāimíng)
開通 / 开通 (kāitong)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
閉	塞
へい Grade: 6	そく Grade: S
on'yomi

Alternative forms

閉そく

Noun

閉(へい)塞(そく) • (heisoku)

Related terms

閉塞感(へいそくかん) (heisokukan)

Verb

閉(へい)塞(そく)する • (heisoku suru) suru (stem 閉(へい)塞(そく)し (heisoku shi), past 閉(へい)塞(そく)した (heisoku shita))

to obstruct
to blockade

Conjugation

Conjugation of "閉塞する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	閉塞し	へいそくし	heisoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	閉塞し	へいそくし	heisoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	閉塞する	へいそくする	heisoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	閉塞する	へいそくする	heisoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	閉塞すれ	へいそくすれ	heisoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	閉塞せよ¹ 閉塞しろ²	へいそくせよ¹ へいそくしろ²	heisoku seyo¹ heisoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	閉塞される	へいそくされる	heisoku sareru
Causative	閉塞させる閉塞さす	へいそくさせるへいそくさす	heisoku saseru heisoku sasu
Potential	閉塞できる	へいそくできる	heisoku dekiru
Volitional	閉塞しよう	へいそくしよう	heisoku shiyō
Negative	閉塞しない	へいそくしない	heisoku shinai
Negative continuative	閉塞せず	へいそくせず	heisoku sezu
Formal	閉塞します	へいそくします	heisoku shimasu
Perfective	閉塞した	へいそくした	heisoku shita
Conjunctive	閉塞して	へいそくして	heisoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	閉塞すれば	へいそくすれば	heisoku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“閉塞”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026