賢士

See also: 贤士

Chinese

		worthy (person)	scholar; warrior; knight
trad. (賢士)		賢	士
simp. (贤士)		贤	士

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): xiánshì

(Zhuyin): ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄕˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): jin⁴ si⁶
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiân-sū

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: xiánshì
  - Zhuyin: ㄒㄧㄢˊ ㄕˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: siánshìh
  - Wade–Giles: hsien²-shih⁴
  - Yale: syán-shr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shyanshyh
  - Palladius: сяньши (sjanʹši)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ɕi̯ɛn³⁵ ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    賢士 / 贤士
    閒事 / 闲事
    閒適 / 闲适
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: jin⁴ si⁶
  - Yale: yìhn sih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: jin⁴ si⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: yin⁴ xi⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiːn²¹ siː²²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiân-sū
  - Tâi-lô: hiân-sū
  - Phofsit Daibuun: hiensu
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /hiɛn²³⁻³³ su³³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /hiɛn²⁴⁻¹¹ su³³/

Middle Chinese: hen dzriX

Rime
Character	賢	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	匣 (33)	崇 (20)
Final (韻)	先 (85)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	III
Fanqie	胡田切	鉏里切
Baxter	hen	dzriX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɦen/	/d͡ʒɨ^X/
Pan Wuyun	/ɦen/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Shao Rongfen	/ɣɛn/	/d͡ʒie^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɦɛn/	/ɖ͡ʐɨ^X/
Li Rong	/ɣen/	/d͡ʒiə^X/
Wang Li	/ɣien/	/d͡ʒĭə^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɣien/	/ɖ͡ʐʱi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	xián	zhì
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jin⁴	zi⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[g]ˤi[n] [m-s-]rəʔ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡiːn zrɯʔ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	賢	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	xián	shì
Middle Chinese	‹ hen ›	‹ dzri^X ›
Old Chinese	/*[g]ˁi[n]/	/*[m-s-]rəʔ/
English	worthy	officer; gentleman
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	賢	士
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	1337	11511
Phonetic component	臣	士
Rime group	眞	之
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	賢	士
Old Chinese	/*ɡiːn/	/*zrɯʔ/

Noun

賢士

(literary) person of virtue and ability
- 奉之以車馬衣裘，多其資幣，使周遊於四方，以號召天下之賢士。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
  奉之以车马衣裘，多其资币，使周游于四方，以号召天下之贤士。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
  From: Guoyu, circa 4^th century BCE
  Fèng zhī yǐ chēmǎ yīqiú, duō qí zībì, shǐ zhōuyóu yú sìfāng, yǐ hàozhào tiānxià zhī xiánshì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
- 我學生出門久了，故鄉有如此賢士，竟坐不知，可為慚愧。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, trad.]
  我学生出门久了，故乡有如此贤士，竟坐不知，可为惭愧。 [Written Vernacular Chinese, simp.]
  From: Wu Jingzi, The Scholars, 1750 CE
  Wǒ xuéshēng chūmén jiǔ le, gùxiāng yǒu rúcǐ xiánshì, jìng zuò bùzhī, kě wèi cánkuì. [Pinyin]
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)

Synonyms

賢人／贤人 (xiánrén)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (賢士):

→ Japanese: 賢(けん)士(し) (kenshi)
→ Korean: 현사(賢士) (hyeonsa)
→ Vietnamese: hiền sĩ (賢士)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
賢	士
けん Grade: S	し Grade: 5
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けんし [kéꜜǹshì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kẽ̞ɰ̃ɕi]

Noun

賢(けん)士(し) • (kenshi)

person of virtue and ability

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2019), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Fourth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (1995), 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
賢	士

Noun

賢士 • (hyeonsa) (hangeul 현사)

hanja form^? of 현사 (“person of virtue and ability”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
賢	士

Noun

賢士

chữ Hán form of hiền sĩ (“person of virtue and ability”)