結合

See also: 结合

Chinese

		knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit) knot; sturdy; to bear (fruit); bond; to tie; to bind	to close; to gather; to join to close; to gather; to join; to fit; all; together
trad. (結合)		結	合
simp. (结合)		结	合

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiéhé

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄏㄜˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): git³ hap⁶
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): kiet-ha̍p / kiat-ha̍p

(Hailu, HRS): gied hab^ˋ

(Meixian, Guangdong): giad⁵ hab⁶
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): geh⁶ hah⁷
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiat-ha̍p

(Teochew, Peng'im): gag⁴ hah⁸

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiéhé
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝˊ ㄏㄜˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jiéhé
  - Wade–Giles: chieh²-ho²
  - Yale: jyé-hé
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jyeher
  - Palladius: цзехэ (czexɛ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ³⁵ xɤ³⁵/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    結合 / 结合
    結核 / 结核
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: git³ hap⁶
  - Yale: git hahp
  - Cantonese Pinyin: git⁸ hap⁹
  - Guangdong Romanization: gid³ heb⁶
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kiːt̚³ hɐp̚²/
Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiet-ha̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: gied^ˋ hab
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵ hab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯et̚² hap̚⁵/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kiat-ha̍p
  - Hakka Romanization System: giad^ˋ hab
  - Hagfa Pinyim: giad⁵ hab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /ki̯at̚² hap̚⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: gied hab^ˋ
  - Sinological IPA: /kiet⁵⁻² hap²/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: giad⁵ hab⁶
  - Sinological IPA: /kiat̚¹ hap̚⁵/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: geh⁶ hah⁷ [Phonetic: geh⁷ hah⁷]
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: geh-ha̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛʔ²¹⁻⁴⁵ haʔ⁴/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: geh⁶ hah⁷ [Phonetic: geh⁷ hah⁷]
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kɛʔ²⁻⁴ haʔ⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiat-ha̍p
  - Tâi-lô: kiat-ha̍p
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiathap
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɛt̚⁵⁻²⁴ hap̚²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁵ hap̚¹²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɛt̚³²⁻⁴ hap̚⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gag⁴ hah⁸
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kak ha̍h
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kak̚²⁻⁴ haʔ⁴/

Middle Chinese: ket hop

Rime
Character	結	合
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	匣 (33)
Final (韻)	屑 (87)	合 (160)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	IV	I
Fanqie	古屑切	侯閤切
Baxter	ket	hop
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ket̚/	/ɦʌp̚/
Pan Wuyun	/ket̚/	/ɦəp̚/
Shao Rongfen	/kɛt̚/	/ɣɒp̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kɛt̚/	/ɦəp̚/
Li Rong	/ket̚/	/ɣᴀp̚/
Wang Li	/kiet̚/	/ɣɒp̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kiet̚/	/ɣăp̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jie	hé
Expected Cantonese Reflex	git³	hap⁶

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*kˤi[t] m-kˤop/

(Zhengzhang): /*kiːd ɡuːb/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	結	合
Reading #	1/1	2/2
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	jié	hé
Middle Chinese	‹ ket ›	‹ hop ›
Old Chinese	/*kˁi[t]/	/*m-kˁop/
English	tie (v.)	come together; bring together
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	結	合
Reading #	1/1	2/2
No.	5681	4970
Phonetic component	吉	合
Rime group	質	緝
Rime subdivision	1	3
Corresponding MC rime	結	合
Old Chinese	/*kiːd/	/*ɡuːb/

Verb

結合

to combine; to fuse; to link; to integrate
把 A 和 B結合起來／把 A 和 B结合起来 ― bǎ A hé B jiéhé qǐlái ― to combine A with B
to balance; to strike a balance; to keep in equilibrium
勞逸結合／劳逸结合 ― láoyì jiéhé ― to strike a balance between work and life
to be joined in wedlock

Synonyms

(to combine):

edit

交融 (jiāoróng)
整合 (zhěnghé)
統整 / 统整 (tǒngzhěng)
聯繫 / 联系 (liánxì)
融合 (rónghé)
融會 / 融会 (rónghuì)
複合 / 复合 (fùhé)
連繫 / 连系 (liánxì)

(to balance): 平衡 (pínghéng)
(to be joined in wedlock):

edit

交姻 (jiāo yīn) (American (–1980) Cantonese)
作對 / 作对 (zuòduì, “to pair off in marriage”)
匹偶 (pǐ'ǒu) (literary)
匹配 (pǐpèi)
娶 (of a man)
婚嫁 (hūnjià)
婚配 (hūnpèi)
嫁 (jià) (of a woman)
嫁娶 (jiàqǔ)
安家 (ānjiā) (figurative)
完婚 (wánhūn)
完成 (wánchéng) (literary)
成交 (chéngjiāo) (Shanghainese)
成婚 (chénghūn)
成家 (chéngjiā) (of a man)
成親 / 成亲 (chéngqīn)
桃夭 (táoyāo) (literary)
𤆬 (“to take a wife”) (Hokkien, Teochew, Leizhou Min)
𤆬人 (Hokkien)
𤆬新娘 (“to take a wife”) (Min Nan)
𤆬新婦 / 𤆬新妇 (“to take a wife”)
結婚 / 结婚
聯結 / 联结 (liánjié)

Noun

結合

combination; fusion; link; integration
union; marriage
GitHub (unofficial, through Cantonese Chinese)
- 爲方便中國境内（含港澳臺及三沙群島）大衆媒體引用，類比臉書、推特、優管，本人將本網站音義合譯作「結合（網）」。 [MSC, trad.]
  为方便中国境内（含港澳台及三沙群岛）大众媒体引用，类比脸书、推特、优管，本人将本网站音义合译作「结合（网）」。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: https://github.com/Guest-615695028/Guest-615695028/blob/main/zh/README.md
  Wèi fāngbiàn Zhōngguó jìngnèi (hán Gǎng'àotái jí Sānshāqúndǎo) dàzhòngméitǐ yǐnyòng, lèibǐ Liǎnshū, Tuītè, Yōuguǎn, běnrén jiāng běn wǎngzhàn yīnyìhéyì zuò “Jiéhé (wǎng)”. [Pinyin]
  To convene the application of reference by Chinese (including Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan and Sansha Islands) media, we translate GitHub phono-semantically like Facebook, Twitter and Youtube.

Derived terms

公民結合 / 公民结合 (gōngmín jiéhé)
民事結合 / 民事结合 (mínshì jiéhé)
結合能 / 结合能 (jiéhénéng)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (結合):

→ Japanese: 結合(けつごう) (ketsugō)
→ Korean: 결합(結合) (gyeolhap)
→ Vietnamese: kết hợp (結合)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
結	合
けつ Grade: 4	ごう Grade: 2
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) けつごー [kètsúgóó] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [ke̞t͡sɨɡo̞ː]

Noun

結(けつ)合(ごう) • (ketsugō)

combination; coupling; binding; bonding

Verb

結(けつ)合(ごう)する • (ketsugō suru) suru (stem 結(けつ)合(ごう)し (ketsugō shi), past 結(けつ)合(ごう)した (ketsugō shita))

combine, couple, unite

Conjugation

Conjugation of "結合する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	結合し	けつごうし	ketsugō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	結合し	けつごうし	ketsugō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	結合する	けつごうする	ketsugō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	結合する	けつごうする	ketsugō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	結合すれ	けつごうすれ	ketsugō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	結合せよ¹ 結合しろ²	けつごうせよ¹ けつごうしろ²	ketsugō seyo¹ ketsugō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	結合される	けつごうされる	ketsugō sareru
Causative	結合させる結合さす	けつごうさせるけつごうさす	ketsugō saseru ketsugō sasu
Potential	結合できる	けつごうできる	ketsugō dekiru
Volitional	結合しよう	けつごうしよう	ketsugō shiyō
Negative	結合しない	けつごうしない	ketsugō shinai
Negative continuative	結合せず	けつごうせず	ketsugō sezu
Formal	結合します	けつごうします	ketsugō shimasu
Perfective	結合した	けつごうした	ketsugō shita
Conjunctive	結合して	けつごうして	ketsugō shite
Hypothetical conditional	結合すれば	けつごうすれば	ketsugō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“結合”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
結	合

Noun

結合 • (gyeolhap) (hangeul 결합)

hanja form^? of 결합 (“combination; fusion”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
結	合

Verb

結合

chữ Hán form of kết hợp (“to combine, to link up, to coordinate”)