稟告

See also: 禀告

Chinese

		natural property or endowment; report to (a superior)	to tell; to inform; to say
trad. (稟告)		稟	告
simp. (禀告)		禀	告

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): bǐnggào

(Zhuyin): ㄅㄧㄥˇ ㄍㄠˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ban² gou³
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): péng-kò͘ / pín-kò / péng-kò

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: bǐnggào
  - Zhuyin: ㄅㄧㄥˇ ㄍㄠˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: bǐnggào
  - Wade–Giles: ping³-kao⁴
  - Yale: bǐng-gàu
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: biinggaw
  - Palladius: бингао (bingao)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /piŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ kɑʊ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ban² gou³
  - Yale: bán gou
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ban² gou³
  - Guangdong Romanization: ben² gou³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɐn³⁵ kou̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: péng-kò͘
  - Tâi-lô: píng-kòo
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pefngkox
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /piɪŋ⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ kɔ⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: pín-kò
  - Tâi-lô: pín-kò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pynkoix
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /pin⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ kɤ²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pin⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko¹¹/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: péng-kò
  - Tâi-lô: píng-kò
  - Phofsit Daibuun: pefngkoix
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /piɪŋ⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ko²¹/

Verb

稟告

to report (to one's superior)

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
稟	告
ひん Jinmeiyō	こく Grade: 5
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
稟吿 (kyūjitai)

/pinkoku/ → /finkoku/ → /hinkoku/

From Middle Chinese compound 稟告 / 禀告 (pim^X kowk, literally “report, petition + inform”). Compare modern Min Nan reading pín-kò or Mandarin bǐnggào.

The goon reading, so likely the original borrowing.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) ひんこく [hìńkókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [çĩŋko̞kɯ̟]

Noun

稟(ひん)告(こく) • (hinkoku)

(rare, possibly obsolete) reporting (especially to a superior)
(rare, possibly obsolete) a report (especially to a superior)

Synonyms

上申(じょうしん) (jōshin)
報告(ほうこく) (hōkoku) (lacks the “to a superior” sense)

Verb

稟(ひん)告(こく)する • (hinkoku suru) suru (stem 稟(ひん)告(こく)し (hinkoku shi), past 稟(ひん)告(こく)した (hinkoku shita))

(rare, possibly obsolete) to report, to make a report (especially to a superior)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "稟告する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	稟告し	ひんこくし	hinkoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	稟告し	ひんこくし	hinkoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	稟告する	ひんこくする	hinkoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	稟告する	ひんこくする	hinkoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	稟告すれ	ひんこくすれ	hinkoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	稟告せよ¹ 稟告しろ²	ひんこくせよ¹ ひんこくしろ²	hinkoku seyo¹ hinkoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	稟告される	ひんこくされる	hinkoku sareru
Causative	稟告させる稟告さす	ひんこくさせるひんこくさす	hinkoku saseru hinkoku sasu
Potential	稟告できる	ひんこくできる	hinkoku dekiru
Volitional	稟告しよう	ひんこくしよう	hinkoku shiyō
Negative	稟告しない	ひんこくしない	hinkoku shinai
Negative continuative	稟告せず	ひんこくせず	hinkoku sezu
Formal	稟告します	ひんこくします	hinkoku shimasu
Perfective	稟告した	ひんこくした	hinkoku shita
Conjunctive	稟告して	ひんこくして	hinkoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	稟告すれば	ひんこくすれば	hinkoku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

上申(じょうしん) (jōshin)
報告(ほうこく) (hōkoku) (lacks the “to a superior” sense)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
稟	告
りん Jinmeiyō	こく Grade: 5
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
稟吿 (kyūjitai)

Appears to be a shift in pronunciation within Japanese, likely influenced by the alternative Middle Chinese reading lim^X for the 稟 / 禀 character. The rin reading in Japanese is sometimes treated as kan'yōon.^[2]^[1]

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) りんこく [rìńkókú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɾʲĩŋko̞kɯ̟]

Noun

稟(りん)告(こく) • (rinkoku)

a proposal, proposing
notification, notifying, informing, telling
a declaration, declaring

Synonyms

(proposal): 申(もう)し出(で) (mōshide), 提案(ていあん) (teian)
(notification): 通知(つうち) (tsūchi), 告知(こくち) (kokuchi)
(declaration): 申(もう)し告(つ)げる (mōshitsugeru), 申告(しんこく) (shinkoku)

Verb

稟(りん)告(こく)する • (rinkoku suru) suru (stem 稟(りん)告(こく)し (rinkoku shi), past 稟(りん)告(こく)した (rinkoku shita))

to propose, to make a proposal
to notify, to inform, to tell
to declare, to make a declaration

Conjugation

Conjugation of "稟告する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	稟告し	りんこくし	rinkoku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	稟告し	りんこくし	rinkoku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	稟告する	りんこくする	rinkoku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	稟告する	りんこくする	rinkoku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	稟告すれ	りんこくすれ	rinkoku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	稟告せよ¹ 稟告しろ²	りんこくせよ¹ りんこくしろ²	rinkoku seyo¹ rinkoku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	稟告される	りんこくされる	rinkoku sareru
Causative	稟告させる稟告さす	りんこくさせるりんこくさす	rinkoku saseru rinkoku sasu
Potential	稟告できる	りんこくできる	rinkoku dekiru
Volitional	稟告しよう	りんこくしよう	rinkoku shiyō
Negative	稟告しない	りんこくしない	rinkoku shinai
Negative continuative	稟告せず	りんこくせず	rinkoku sezu
Formal	稟告します	りんこくします	rinkoku shimasu
Perfective	稟告した	りんこくした	rinkoku shita
Conjunctive	稟告して	りんこくして	rinkoku shite
Hypothetical conditional	稟告すれば	りんこくすれば	rinkoku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

(propose): 申(もう)し出(で)る (mōshideru), 提案(ていあん) (teian)
(inform): 申(もう)し上(あ)げる (mōshiageru)
(notify): 通知(つうち) (tsūchi), 告知(こくち) (kokuchi)
(declare): 申(もう)し告(つ)げる (mōshitsugeru), 申告(しんこく) (shinkoku)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
稟	告

Noun

稟告 • (pumgo) (hangeul 품고)

hanja form^? of 품고 (“notice; notification; report (to one's superior)”)

[DJR-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[KDJ-2] Shōgaku Tosho (1988), 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

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