呻吟

Chinese

		groan	moan; to hum
trad. (呻吟)		呻	吟
simp. ^#(呻吟)		呻	吟

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēnyín

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄣㄧㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): san¹ jam⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): sin-gîm

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēnyín
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄣㄧㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shenyín
  - Wade–Giles: shên¹-yin²
  - Yale: shēn-yín
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shenyn
  - Palladius: шэньинь (šɛnʹinʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂən⁵⁵ in³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: san¹ jam⁴
  - Yale: sān yàhm
  - Cantonese Pinyin: san¹ jam⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: sen¹ yem⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐn⁵⁵ jɐm²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sin-gîm
  - Tâi-lô: sin-gîm
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sin'giim
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɡim¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sin³³ ɡim²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /sin⁴⁴⁻²² ɡim²⁴/

Middle Chinese: syin ngim

Rime
Character	呻	吟
Reading #	1/1	1/2
Initial (聲)	書 (26)	疑 (31)
Final (韻)	眞 (43)	侵 (140)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	失人切	魚金切
Baxter	syin	ngim
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɕiɪn/	/ŋˠiɪm/
Pan Wuyun	/ɕin/	/ŋᵚim/
Shao Rongfen	/ɕjen/	/ŋiem/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/ɕin/	/ŋjim/
Li Rong	/ɕiĕn/	/ŋjəm/
Wang Li	/ɕĭĕn/	/ŋĭĕm/
Bernhard Karlgren	/ɕi̯ĕn/	/ŋi̯əm/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	shēn	yín
Expected Cantonese Reflex	san¹	ngam⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*l̥i[n] m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/

(Zhengzhang): /*hlin ŋɡrɯm/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	呻	吟
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	shēn	yín
Middle Chinese	‹ syin ›	‹ ngim ›
Old Chinese	/*l̥i[n]/	/*m-qʰ(r)[ə]m/
English	chant, drone	chant, intone
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	呻	吟
Reading #	1/1	1/2
No.	11237	6618
Phonetic component	申	今
Rime group	眞	侵
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	申	吟
Old Chinese	/*hlin/	/*ŋɡrɯm/

Verb

呻吟

to moan; to groan
發出痛苦的呻吟／发出痛苦的呻吟 ― fāchū tòngkǔ de shēnyín ― to moan in pain
(literary) to read aloud; to chant

Synonyms

(to moan): (Hokkien) 哼哼呻, 哼哼叫
(to read aloud):

低吟 (dīyín)
吟唱 (yínchàng)
吟詠 / 吟咏 (yínyǒng)
吟誦 / 吟诵 (yínsòng)
哦 (é) (literary)
唱誦 / 唱诵 (chàngsòng)
嘆 / 叹 (tàn) (literary, or in compounds)
詠嘆 / 咏叹 (yǒngtàn)
誦讀 / 诵读 (sòngdú)

Derived terms

無病呻吟 / 无病呻吟 (wúbìngshēnyín)

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (呻吟):

→ Japanese: 呻吟(しんぎん) (shingin)
→ Korean: 신음(呻吟) (sineum)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
呻	吟
しん Hyōgai	ぎん Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) しんぎん [shìńgíń] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ɕĩŋʲɡʲĩɴ]

Noun

呻(しん)吟(ぎん) • (shingin) ^{←しんぎん (singin)^?}

moaning; groaning

Verb

呻(しん)吟(ぎん)する • (shingin suru) ^{←しんぎん (singin)^?}suru (stem 呻(しん)吟(ぎん)し (shingin shi), past 呻(しん)吟(ぎん)した (shingin shita))

to moan; to groan

Conjugation

Conjugation of "呻吟する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	呻吟し	しんぎんし	shingin shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	呻吟し	しんぎんし	shingin shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	呻吟する	しんぎんする	shingin suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	呻吟する	しんぎんする	shingin suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	呻吟すれ	しんぎんすれ	shingin sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	呻吟せよ¹ 呻吟しろ²	しんぎんせよ¹ しんぎんしろ²	shingin seyo¹ shingin shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	呻吟される	しんぎんされる	shingin sareru
Causative	呻吟させる呻吟さす	しんぎんさせるしんぎんさす	shingin saseru shingin sasu
Potential	呻吟できる	しんぎんできる	shingin dekiru
Volitional	呻吟しよう	しんぎんしよう	shingin shiyō
Negative	呻吟しない	しんぎんしない	shingin shinai
Negative continuative	呻吟せず	しんぎんせず	shingin sezu
Formal	呻吟します	しんぎんします	shingin shimasu
Perfective	呻吟した	しんぎんした	shingin shita
Conjunctive	呻吟して	しんぎんして	shingin shite
Hypothetical conditional	呻吟すれば	しんぎんすれば	shingin sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“^▲呻吟”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
呻	吟

Noun

呻吟 • (sineum) (hangeul 신음)

hanja form^? of 신음 (“moan; groan”)