異化

Chinese

		different; unusual; strange	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (異化)		異	化
simp. (异化)		异	化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): yìhuà

(Zhuyin): ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ji⁶ faa³
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): i⁶ huê³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: yìhuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄧˋ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: yìhuà
  - Wade–Giles: i⁴-hua⁴
  - Yale: yì-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yihhuah
  - Palladius: ихуа (ixua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i⁵¹⁻⁵³ xu̯ä⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    液化
    異化 / 异化
    逸話 / 逸话
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: ji⁶ faa³
  - Yale: yih fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: ji⁶ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: yi⁶ fa³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /jiː²² faː³³/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: i⁶ huê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: ĭ huè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /i³⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/

Verb

異化

(ergative) to make dissimilar
(philosophy) to alienate
- 異化勞動，由於（1）使自然界，（2）使人本身，他自己的活動機能，他的生命活動同人相異化，也就使類同人相異化；對人來說，它把類生活變成維持個人生活的手段。第一，它使類生活和個人生活相異化；第二，把抽象形式的個人生活變成同樣是抽象形式和異化形式的類生活的目的。 [MSC, trad.]
  异化劳动，由于（1）使自然界，（2）使人本身，他自己的活动机能，他的生命活动同人相异化，也就使类同人相异化；对人来说，它把类生活变成维持个人生活的手段。第一，它使类生活和个人生活相异化；第二，把抽象形式的个人生活变成同样是抽象形式和异化形式的类生活的目的。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 1844, Karl Marx, 《1844年經濟學哲學手稿·異化勞動和私有財產》 (“Estranged Labour” in Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts of 1844)
  Yìhuà láodòng, yóuyú (1) shǐ zìránjiè, (2) shǐ rén běnshēn, tā zìjǐ de huódòng jīnéng, tā de shēngmìng huódòng tóng rén xiāng yìhuà, yě jiù shǐ lèi tóng rén xiāng yìhuà; duì rén láishuō, tā bǎ lèi shēnghuó biànchéng wéichí gèrén shēnghuó de shǒuduàn. Dìyī, tā shǐ lèi shēnghuó hé gèrén shēnghuó xiāng yìhuà; dì'èr, bǎ chōuxiàng xíngshì de gèrén shēnghuó biànchéng tóngyàng shì chōuxiàng xíngshì hé yìhuà xíngshì de lèi shēnghuó de mùde. [Pinyin]
  In estranging from man (1) nature, and (2) himself, his own active functions, his life activity, estranged labor estranges the species from man. It changes for him the life of the species into a means of individual life. First it estranges the life of the species and individual life, and secondly it makes individual life in its abstract form the purpose of the life of the species, likewise in its abstract and estranged form.
(phonology, or generally) to dissimilate
(translation studies) to foreignize

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “foreignize”): 歸化／归化 (guīhuà)

Derived terms

異化作用 / 异化作用 (yìhuà zuòyòng)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
異	化
い Grade: 6	か Grade: 3
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いか [íꜜkà] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]
IPA^(key): [ika̠]

Noun

異(い)化(か) • (ika) ^{←いくわ (ikwa)^?}

dissimilation
(biology) catabolism
Synonyms: カタボリズム (kataborizumu), 異化作用 (ika sayō)
(phonology) dissimilation
(philosophy) alienation; Verfremdung

Antonyms

同(どう)化(か) (dōka)

Verb

異(い)化(か)する • (ika suru) ^{←いくわ (ikwa)^?}suru (stem 異(い)化(か)し (ika shi), past 異(い)化(か)した (ika shita))

See above.

Conjugation

Conjugation of "異化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	異化し	いかし	ika shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	異化し	いかし	ika shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	異化する	いかする	ika suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	異化する	いかする	ika suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	異化すれ	いかすれ	ika sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	異化せよ¹ 異化しろ²	いかせよ¹ いかしろ²	ika seyo¹ ika shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	異化される	いかされる	ika sareru
Causative	異化させる異化さす	いかさせるいかさす	ika saseru ika sasu
Potential	異化できる	いかできる	ika dekiru
Volitional	異化しよう	いかしよう	ika shiyō
Negative	異化しない	いかしない	ika shinai
Negative continuative	異化せず	いかせず	ika sezu
Formal	異化します	いかします	ika shimasu
Perfective	異化した	いかした	ika shita
Conjunctive	異化して	いかして	ika shite
Hypothetical conditional	異化すれば	いかすれば	ika sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Antonyms

同(どう)化(か) (dōka)

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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