同化

Chinese

		like; same; similar like; same; similar; together; alike; with	to make into; to change into; ‑ization to make into; to change into; ‑ization; to ... ‑ize; to transform
trad. (同化)		同	化
simp. ^#(同化)		同	化

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): tónghuà

(Zhuyin): ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): tung⁴ faa³
Eastern Min (BUC): dùng-huá
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): tông-hòa

(Teochew, Peng'im): dang⁵ huê³
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶don-ho₅

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)
  - Hanyu Pinyin: tónghuà
  - Zhuyin: ㄊㄨㄥˊ ㄏㄨㄚˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: tónghuà
  - Wade–Giles: tʻung²-hua⁴
  - Yale: túng-hwà
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tornghuah
  - Palladius: тунхуа (tunxua)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ³⁵ xu̯ä⁵¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    同化
    童話 / 童话
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: tung⁴ faa³
  - Yale: tùhng fa
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tung⁴ faa³
  - Guangdong Romanization: tung⁴ fa³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tʰʊŋ²¹ faː³³/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: dùng-huá
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /tuŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(h-)ŋuɑ²¹³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: tông-hòa
  - Tâi-lô: tông-huà
  - Phofsit Daibuun: donghoax
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻²² hua⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /tɔŋ¹³⁻²² hua²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /tɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ hua¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /tɔŋ²³⁻³³ hua²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: dang⁵ huê³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tâng huè
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /taŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ hue²¹³/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶don-ho₅
  - MiniDict: don^去 ho^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³don-ho₂
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /doŋ²² ho⁴⁴/

Verb

同化

(ergative) to make similar
(phonology, or generally) to assimilate

Antonyms

(antonym(s) of “to become/make similar”): 異化／异化 (yìhuà), 分化 (fēnhuà)
(antonym(s) of “(phonology) to assimilate”): 異化／异化 (yìhuà)

Derived terms

同化作用 (tónghuà zuòyòng)
民族同化

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (同化):

→ Japanese: 同(どう)化(か) (dōka)
→ Korean: 동화(同化) (donghwa)
→ Vietnamese: đồng hoá (同化)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
同	化
どう Grade: 2	か Grade: 3
on'yomi

Etymology

From 同(どう) (dō, “same”) + 化(か) (-ka, “-ize, -ization”).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) どーか [dòóká] (Heiban – [0])^[1]
IPA^(key): [do̞ːka̠]

Noun

同(どう)化(か) • (dōka)

assimilation

Derived terms

タンパク同(どう)化(か)ステロイド (tanpaku dōka suteroido): anabolic steroid
不(ふ)同(どう)化(か) (fudōka): nonassimilation
同(どう)化(か)作(さ)用(よう) (dōka sayō): assimilation, metabolism
炭(たん)酸(さん)同(どう)化(か)作(さ)用(よう) (tansan dōka sayō) carbon dioxide assimilation

Verb

同(どう)化(か)する • (dōka suru) suru (stem 同(どう)化(か)し (dōka shi), past 同(どう)化(か)した (dōka shita))

to assimilate

Conjugation

Conjugation of "同化する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	同化し	どうかし	dōka shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	同化し	どうかし	dōka shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	同化する	どうかする	dōka suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	同化する	どうかする	dōka suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	同化すれ	どうかすれ	dōka sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	同化せよ¹ 同化しろ²	どうかせよ¹ どうかしろ²	dōka seyo¹ dōka shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	同化される	どうかされる	dōka sareru
Causative	同化させる同化さす	どうかさせるどうかさす	dōka saseru dōka sasu
Potential	同化できる	どうかできる	dōka dekiru
Volitional	同化しよう	どうかしよう	dōka shiyō
Negative	同化しない	どうかしない	dōka shinai
Negative continuative	同化せず	どうかせず	dōka sezu
Formal	同化します	どうかします	dōka shimasu
Perfective	同化した	どうかした	dōka shita
Conjunctive	同化して	どうかして	dōka shite
Hypothetical conditional	同化すれば	どうかすれば	dōka sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

“同化”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
同	化

Noun

同化 • (donghwa) (hangeul 동화)

hanja form^? of 동화 (“assimilation”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
同	化

Verb

同化

chữ Hán form of đồng hóa (“to assimilate”)

[NHK-1] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

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