Translingual
Han character
湩 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水竹十土 (EHJG), four-corner 32114, composition ⿰氵重)
- milk
- drums
- muddy, turbid
References
- Kangxi Dictionary: page 638, character 7
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17864
- Dae Jaweon: page 1045, character 2
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1680, character 2
- Unihan data for U+6E69
Chinese
Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (
重)
(Zhengzhang, 2003)
|
|
Old Chinese
|
| 撞
|
*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
|
| 幢
|
*rdoːŋ, *rdoːŋs
|
| 橦
|
*rdoːŋ, *doːŋ, *tjoŋ
|
| 噇
|
*rdoːŋ
|
| 𩪘
|
*rdoːŋ
|
| 艟
|
*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
|
| 憧
|
*rdoːŋs, *tʰjoŋ
|
| 畽
|
*tʰoːnʔ, *tʰuːnʔ
|
| 董
|
*toːŋʔ
|
| 蕫
|
*toːŋʔ, *doːŋ
|
| 箽
|
*toːŋʔ
|
| 懂
|
*toːŋʔ
|
| 湩
|
*toːŋs, *tuːŋʔ, *toŋs
|
| 曈
|
*tʰoːŋ, *tʰoːŋʔ, *doːŋ
|
| 童
|
*doːŋ
|
| 僮
|
*doːŋ
|
| 瞳
|
*doːŋ
|
| 罿
|
*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
|
| 犝
|
*doːŋ
|
| 潼
|
*doːŋ, *tʰjoŋ
|
| 穜
|
*doːŋ, *doŋ
|
| 動
|
*doːŋʔ
|
| 慟
|
*doːŋs
|
| 堹
|
*toŋs
|
| 諥
|
*toŋs
|
| 蹱
|
*tʰoŋ, *tʰoŋs, *tjoŋ
|
| 重
|
*doŋ, *doŋʔ, *doŋs
|
| 緟
|
*doŋ, *doŋs
|
| 蝩
|
*doŋ
|
| 褈
|
*doŋ, *tʰjoŋ
|
| 鐘
|
*tjoŋ, *tjoŋ
|
| 鍾
|
*tjoŋ
|
| 籦
|
*tjoŋ
|
| 種
|
*tjoŋʔ, *tjoŋs
|
| 腫
|
*tjoŋʔ
|
| 踵
|
*tjoŋʔ
|
| 歱
|
*tjoŋʔ
|
| 喠
|
*tjoŋʔ, *tʰjoŋʔ
|
| 偅
|
*tjoŋs
|
| 衝
|
*tʰjoŋ
|
| 揰
|
*tʰjoŋs
|
| 尰
|
*djoŋʔ
|
Etymology
Perhaps related to Arin tenkul (“milk”, literally “nipple-water”), Pumpokol den (“milk”), from Proto-Yeniseian *den (“female nipple”).[1][2][3] Vovin and Dybo propose a derivation from a Xiongnu term, which they reconstruct as *ḍ(r)ung[4] or *ṭoŋh,[5] respectively.
Pronunciation
| Rime
|
| Character
|
湩
|
湩
|
湩
|
| Reading #
|
1/3
|
2/3
|
3/3
|
| Initial (聲)
|
端 (5)
|
端 (5)
|
知 (9)
|
| Final (韻)
|
冬 (5)
|
東 (1)
|
鍾 (7)
|
| Tone (調)
|
Rising (X)
|
Departing (H)
|
Departing (H)
|
| Openness (開合)
|
Open
|
Open
|
Open
|
| Division (等)
|
I
|
I
|
III
|
| Fanqie
|
都𪁪切
|
多貢切
|
竹用切
|
| Baxter
|
towngX
|
tuwngH
|
trjowngH
|
| Reconstructions
|
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
|
/tuoŋX/
|
/tuŋH/
|
/ʈɨoŋH/
|
Pan
Wuyun
|
/tuoŋX/
|
/tuŋH/
|
/ʈioŋH/
|
Shao
Rongfen
|
/toŋX/
|
/tuŋH/
|
/ȶioŋH/
|
Edwin
Pulleyblank
|
/tawŋX/
|
/təwŋH/
|
/ʈuawŋH/
|
Li
Rong
|
/toŋX/
|
/tuŋH/
|
/ȶioŋH/
|
Wang
Li
|
/tuoŋX/
|
/tuŋH/
|
/ȶĭwoŋH/
|
Bernhard
Karlgren
|
/tuoŋX/
|
/tuŋH/
|
/ȶi̯woŋH/
|
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
|
dǒng
|
dòng
|
zhòng
|
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
|
dung2
|
dung3
|
zung3
|
| Zhengzhang system (2003)
|
| Character
|
湩
|
湩
|
湩
|
| Reading #
|
1/3
|
2/3
|
3/3
|
| No.
|
17436
|
17451
|
17454
|
Phonetic
component
|
重
|
重
|
重
|
Rime
group
|
東
|
終
|
東
|
Rime
subdivision
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
Corresponding
MC rime
|
涷
|
湩
|
湩
|
Old
Chinese
|
/*toːŋs/
|
/*tuːŋʔ/
|
/*toŋs/
|
Definitions
湩
- (obsolete) milk; koumiss
- (literary) murky; turbid
- (literary) drumbeat
Compounds
References
- ^ Vajda, Edward; Werner, Heinrich (2022), “*den”, in Comparative-Historical Yeniseian Dictionary (Languages of the World/Dictionaries; 79, 80), volume 1, Muenchen: LINCOM GmbH, →ISBN, page 199
- ^ Pulleybank, Edwin George (1962), The Consonantal System of Old Chinese (Asia Major; 9), pages 239-265
- ^ Bonmann, Svenja; Fries, Simon (2025), “Linguistic Evidence Suggests That Xiōng-nú and Huns Spoke the Same Paleo-Siberian Language”, in Transactions of the Philological Society[1], volume 0, →DOI, pages 1-24
- ^ Vovin, Alexander (2000), “Did the Xiong-nu Speak a Yeniseian Language?”, in Central Asiatic Journal[2], volume 44, number 1, Harrassowitz Verlag, pages 87-104
- ^ Dybo, Anna (2014), “Early contacts of Turks and problems of Proto-Turkic reconstruction”, in Tatarica[3], volume 2, page 9: “湩 *ṭoŋh”
Vietnamese
Han character
湩: Hán Nôm readings: chòng
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References