渾

See also: 浑
渾 U+6E3E, 渾
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E3E
← 渽
[U+6E3D] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 渿 →
[U+6E3F]

Translingual

Han character

渾 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水月十十 (EBJJ), four-corner 37156, composition ⿰氵軍)

Derived characters

  • 𩅴

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 635, character 23
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17800
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1043, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1687, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6E3E

Chinese

trad. 渾
simp. 浑

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 渾
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (軍) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
揮 *qʰul
輝 *qʰul
翬 *qʰul
暉 *qʰul
煇 *qʰul, *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
楎 *qʰul, *ɡuːn
瀈 *qʰul
韗 *qʰons, *ɢuns
褌 *kuːn
鶤 *kuːn, *ɢuns
緷 *kuːnʔ, *ɡuːnʔ, *ɢuns
睴 *kuːns, *ɡuːnʔ
璭 *kuːns
瘒 *ŋɡuːn
顐 *ŋɡuːn, *ŋɡuːns, *ɡuːn
諢 *ŋɡuːns
餫 *ɡuːn, *ɢuns
渾 *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ
琿 *ɡuːn
鼲 *ɡuːn
堚 *ɡuːn
鯶 *ɡuːnʔ
軍 *kun
皸 *kun, *kuns
齳 *ŋɡunʔ
喗 *ŋɡunʔ
葷 *qʰun
惲 *qunʔ
賱 *qunʔ
運 *ɢuns
暈 *ɢuns
鄆 *ɢuns

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡuːn, *ɡuːnʔ): semantic 氵 (“river”) + phonetic 軍 (OC *kun).

Pronunciation 1

Note:
  • hung1 - totally;
  • hung6 - other senses.
Rime
Character 渾
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 戸昆切
Baxter hwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuən/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuon/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwən/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuən/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuən/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wan4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 渾
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwon ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁ[u]r/
English chaotic

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 渾
Reading # 1/2
No. 7321
Phonetic
component 		軍
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		䰟
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡuːn/

Definitions

渾

  1. (obsolete) sound of spouting water
  2. muddy; turbid
  3. foolish; stupid
  4. simple and natural; unsophisticated
    渾樸／浑朴  ―  húnpǔ  ―  simple and natural
  5. whole; complete
    渾身不舒服／浑身不舒服  ―  húnshēn bùshūfú  ―  the whole body feels uncomfortable
  6. (literary) simply, in short
  7. (literary) still
  8. name of several rivers
  9. short for 吐谷渾／吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún)
  10. a surname
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 渾 (“muddy; turbid”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 渾濁, 混濁
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 渾
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 渾
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 溷
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 渾
Wuhan 渾
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 渾
Hefei 渾
Cantonese Guangzhou 濁
Hong Kong 濁
Yangjiang 濁
Gan Nanchang 渾
Hakka Meixian 渾
Jin Taiyuan 溷
Northern Min Jian'ou 渾, 濁
Eastern Min Fuzhou 渾
Southern Min Xiamen 醪, 醪濁
Zhangzhou 醪
Chaozhou 醪
Haikou 醪
Wu Suzhou 渾
Wenzhou 渾
Xiang Changsha 渾
Shuangfeng 渾

Compounds

  • 吐谷渾 / 吐谷浑 (tǔyùhún)
  • 含渾 / 含浑
  • 含蓄渾厚 / 含蓄浑厚
  • 圓渾 / 圆浑
  • 大渾家 / 大浑家
  • 打水不渾 / 打水不浑
  • 攪渾 / 搅浑 (jiǎohún)
  • 渾不似 / 浑不似
  • 渾不比 / 浑不比
  • 渾世 / 浑世
  • 渾人 / 浑人
  • 渾似 / 浑似
  • 渾倌 / 浑倌
  • 渾全 / 浑全
  • 渾化 / 浑化
  • 渾厚 / 浑厚 (húnhòu)
  • 渾可事 / 浑可事
  • 渾噩 / 浑噩
  • 渾圓 / 浑圆 (húnyuán)
  • 渾家 / 浑家 (húnjiā)
  • 渾小子 / 浑小子 (húnxiǎozi)
  • 渾成 / 浑成
  • 渾是 / 浑是
  • 渾樸 / 浑朴 (húnpǔ)
  • 渾樸自然 / 浑朴自然
  • 渾水 / 浑水 (húnshuǐ)
  • 渾水摸魚 / 浑水摸鱼 (húnshuǐmōyú)
  • 渾河 / 浑河
  • 渾涵 / 浑涵
  • 渾渾噩噩 / 浑浑噩噩 (húnhún'è'è)
  • 渾濁 / 浑浊 (húnzhuó)
  • 渾然 / 浑然 (húnrán)
  • 渾然一體 / 浑然一体 (húnrányītǐ)
  • 渾然不知 / 浑然不知
  • 渾然不覺 / 浑然不觉
  • 渾然天成 / 浑然天成
  • 渾然忘我 / 浑然忘我
  • 渾無罣礙 / 浑无罣碍
  • 渾箇 / 浑个
  • 渾純 / 浑纯
  • 渾脫 / 浑脱
  • 渾花 / 浑花
  • 渾蓋 / 浑盖
  • 渾蛋 / 浑蛋
  • 渾言 / 浑言
  • 渾話 / 浑话
  • 渾身 / 浑身 (húnshēn)
  • 渾身是膽 / 浑身是胆
  • 渾身無力 / 浑身无力
  • 渾身發軟 / 浑身发软
  • 渾身解數 / 浑身解数
  • 渾身銅臭 / 浑身铜臭
  • 渾酒 / 浑酒
  • 渾金璞玉 / 浑金璞玉
  • 渾閒 / 浑闲
  • 渾閑事 / 浑闲事
  • 渾骨丫髻 / 浑骨丫髻
  • 璞玉渾金 / 璞玉浑金
  • 老忘渾 / 老忘浑
  • 谷渾 / 谷浑 (Yùhún)
  • 質直渾厚 / 质直浑厚
  • 踹渾水 / 踹浑水
  • 蹚渾水 / 蹚浑水
  • 躧渾水 / 𰸐浑水
  • 鑿渾沌 / 凿浑沌
  • 阿月渾子 / 阿月浑子 (āyuèhúnzǐ)
  • 雄渾 / 雄浑 (xiónghún)
  • 鬼打渾 / 鬼打浑

Pronunciation 2

Rime
Character 渾
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 匣 (33)
Final (韻) 魂 (55)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) I
Fanqie 胡本切
Baxter hwonX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɦuənX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɦuonX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɣuənX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɦwənX/
Li
Rong 		/ɣuənX/
Wang
Li 		/ɣuənX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɣuənX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		hùn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		wan6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 渾
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hún
Middle
Chinese 		‹ hwonX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɡ]ˁurʔ/
English chaotic

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 渾
Reading # 2/2
No. 7328
Phonetic
component 		軍
Rime
group 		文
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		混
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡuːnʔ/

Definitions

渾

  1. large
  2. to mix; to muddle
  3. simple; plain
  4. pure
  5. short for 渾天／浑天
  6. short for 渾天儀／浑天仪 (húntiānyí)

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 渾 – see 混 (“torrential; turbid; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 混).

Pronunciation 4

Definitions

渾

  1. only used in 渾渾／浑浑 (gǔngǔn, “alternative form of 滾滾; rolling along”)
  2. to fall

Japanese

Kanji

渾

(Jinmeiyō kanji)

  1. all
  2. turbidity

Readings

  • Go-on: ごん (gon)
  • Kan-on: こん (kon)
  • Kun: にごる (nigoru, 渾る)、すべて (subete, 渾て)、まじる (majiru, 渾じる)

Korean

Hanja

渾 • (hon) (hangeul 혼, revised hon, McCune–Reischauer hon, Yale hon)

  1. muddy, turbid
  2. blend, merge, mix

Vietnamese

Han character

渾: Hán Nôm readings: hồn, hỗn

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is available under Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.