流亡

Chinese

		to flow; to spread; to circulate to flow; to spread; to circulate; to move	to die; to perish
trad. (流亡)		流	亡
simp. ^#(流亡)		流	亡

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): liúwáng

(Zhuyin): ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄨㄤˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): lau⁴ mong⁴
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): liù-mòng

(Hailu, HRS): liu mong
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): liû-bông

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: liúwáng
  - Zhuyin: ㄌㄧㄡˊ ㄨㄤˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: lióuwáng
  - Wade–Giles: liu²-wang²
  - Yale: lyóu-wáng
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: liouwang
  - Palladius: люван (ljuvan)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /li̯oʊ̯³⁵ wɑŋ³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: lau⁴ mong⁴
  - Yale: làuh mòhng
  - Cantonese Pinyin: lau⁴ mong⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: leo⁴ mong⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /lɐu̯²¹ mɔːŋ²¹/
  - Homophones:
    ^edit
    ^edit
    流亡
    流氓
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: liù-mòng
  - Hakka Romanization System: liu^ˇ mong^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: liu² mong²
  - Sinological IPA: /li̯u¹¹ moŋ¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: liu mong
  - Sinological IPA: /liu⁵⁵ moŋ⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: liû-bông
  - Tâi-lô: liû-bông
  - Phofsit Daibuun: liu'boong
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /liu²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /liu²⁴⁻²² bɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /liu¹³⁻²² bɔŋ¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /liu²⁴⁻¹¹ bɔŋ²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /liu²³⁻³³ bɔŋ²³/

Middle Chinese: ljuw mjang

Rime
Character	流	亡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	尤 (136)	陽 (106)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open	Closed
Division (等)	III	III
Fanqie	力求切	武方切
Baxter	ljuw	mjang
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɨu/	/mʉɐŋ/
Pan Wuyun	/liu/	/mʷiɐŋ/
Shao Rongfen	/liəu/	/miuɑŋ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/luw/	/muaŋ/
Li Rong	/liu/	/miuaŋ/
Wang Li	/lĭəu/	/mĭwaŋ/
Bernhard Karlgren	/li̯ə̯u/	/miwaŋ/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	liú	wáng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	lau⁴	mong⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*ru maŋ/

(Zhengzhang): /*ru maŋ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	流	亡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	liú	wáng
Middle Chinese	‹ ljuw ›	‹ mjang ›
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*maŋ/
English	flow (v.)	flee; disappear; die
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	流	亡
Reading #	1/1	1/1
No.	8335	12662
Phonetic component	流	亡
Rime group	幽	陽
Rime subdivision	1	0
Corresponding MC rime	劉	亡
Old Chinese	/*ru/	/*maŋ/
Notes	或爲毓省聲

Verb

流亡

to flee; to go into exile
流亡海外 ― liúwáng hǎiwài ― to be in exile overseas
(archaic) to flow away with the water

Synonyms

(to flee):

亡命 (wángmìng)
出亡 (chūwáng) (literary)
出奔 (chūbēn)
散亡 (sànwáng)
竄 / 窜 (cuàn) (literary, or in compounds)
走反 (Hokkien, from war)
逃亡 (táowáng)
逃荒 (táohuāng) (from famine)
逃難 / 逃难 (táonàn) (from a disaster)
逋逃 (būtáo) (literary)
避難 / 避难 (bìnàn)

Derived terms

流亡政府 (liúwáng zhèngfǔ)
流亡者 (liúwángzhě)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
流	亡
りゅう Grade: 3	ぼう Grade: 6
on'yomi

Noun

流(りゅう)亡(ぼう) • (ryūbō)

wandering, exile
soil erosion

Verb

流(りゅう)亡(ぼう)する • (ryūbō suru) suru (stem 流(りゅう)亡(ぼう)し (ryūbō shi), past 流(りゅう)亡(ぼう)した (ryūbō shita))

wander

Conjugation

Conjugation of "流亡する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	流亡し	りゅうぼうし	ryūbō shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	流亡し	りゅうぼうし	ryūbō shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	流亡する	りゅうぼうする	ryūbō suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	流亡する	りゅうぼうする	ryūbō suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	流亡すれ	りゅうぼうすれ	ryūbō sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	流亡せよ¹ 流亡しろ²	りゅうぼうせよ¹ りゅうぼうしろ²	ryūbō seyo¹ ryūbō shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	流亡される	りゅうぼうされる	ryūbō sareru
Causative	流亡させる流亡さす	りゅうぼうさせるりゅうぼうさす	ryūbō saseru ryūbō sasu
Potential	流亡できる	りゅうぼうできる	ryūbō dekiru
Volitional	流亡しよう	りゅうぼうしよう	ryūbō shiyō
Negative	流亡しない	りゅうぼうしない	ryūbō shinai
Negative continuative	流亡せず	りゅうぼうせず	ryūbō sezu
Formal	流亡します	りゅうぼうします	ryūbō shimasu
Perfective	流亡した	りゅうぼうした	ryūbō shita
Conjunctive	流亡して	りゅうぼうして	ryūbō shite
Hypothetical conditional	流亡すれば	りゅうぼうすれば	ryūbō sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
流	亡

Verb

流亡

chữ Hán form of lưu vong (“to exile”)

Noun

流亡

chữ Hán form of lưu vong (“exile”)