沛

沛	U+6C9B, 沛 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6C9B

← 沚
[U+6C9A]

CJK Unified Ideographs

沜 →
[U+6C9C]

Translingual

Han character

沛 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+4, 7 strokes, cangjie input 水十月 (EJB) or 水卜中月 (EYLB), four-corner 3512₇, composition ⿰氵巿(GHTJV) or ⿰氵市(K))

Derived characters

𢭿, 𱽫, 𬆃, 霈

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 612, character 3
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17216
Dae Jaweon: page 1005, character 6
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1559, character 3
Unihan data for U+6C9B

Chinese

simp. and trad.		沛
alternative forms		𥫴㳈伂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 沛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (巿) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
沛	poːbs, pʰoːbs
芾	poːbs, pubs, *pub
伂	*poːbs
霈	*pʰoːbs
旆	*boːbs
肺	*pʰobs
杮	*pʰobs
巿	*pub

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *poːbs, *pʰoːbs): semantic 氵 (“water”) + phonetic 巿 (OC *pub).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): pèi (pei⁴)

(Zhuyin): ㄆㄟˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): pui³
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): phi / phai

(Hailu, HRS): poi^ˇ / pai^ˇ

(Meixian, Guangdong): pi⁴
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): puei⁴
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): phài / phòe

(Teochew, Peng'im): pai³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: pèi
  - Zhuyin: ㄆㄟˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: pèi
  - Wade–Giles: pʻei⁴
  - Yale: pèi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: pey
  - Palladius: пэй (pɛj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰeɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: pui³
  - Yale: pui
  - Cantonese Pinyin: pui³
  - Guangdong Romanization: pui³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuːi̯³³/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: phi / phai
  - Hakka Romanization System: pi / pai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: pi⁴ / pai⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵⁵/, /pʰai̯⁵⁵/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: poi^ˇ / pai^ˇ
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰoi¹¹/, /pʰai¹¹/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: pi⁴
  - Sinological IPA: /pʰi⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian, Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: puei⁴
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: po̍i
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰuei⁴²/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phài
  - Tâi-lô: phài
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phaix
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /pʰai⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /pʰai¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Zhangzhou, Kaohsiung): /pʰai²¹/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Jinjiang)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: phòe
  - Tâi-lô: phuè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: phoex
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou, Jinjiang): /pʰue⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: pai³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: phài
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /pʰai²¹³/

Middle Chinese: pajH, phajH

Rime
Character	沛	沛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	幫 (1)	滂 (2)
Final (韻)	泰 (25)	泰 (25)
Tone (調)	Departing (H)	Departing (H)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	I	I
Fanqie	愽蓋切	普蓋切
Baxter	pajH	phajH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/pɑi^H/	/pʰɑi^H/
Pan Wuyun	/pɑi^H/	/pʰɑi^H/
Shao Rongfen	/pɑi^H/	/pʰɑi^H/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/paj^H/	/pʰaj^H/
Li Rong	/pɑi^H/	/pʰɑi^H/
Wang Li	/pɑi^H/	/pʰɑi^H/
Bernhard Karlgren	/pɑi^H/	/pʰɑi^H/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	bèi	pèi
Expected Cantonese Reflex	bui³	pui³

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*poːbs/, /*pʰoːbs/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	沛	沛
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	3287	3290
Phonetic component	巿	巿
Rime group	祭	祭
Rime subdivision	3	3
Corresponding MC rime		霈
Old Chinese	/*poːbs/	/*pʰoːbs/

Definitions

沛

(literary) abundant; full; copious
(literary) swift; sudden
(literary) marshland
a surname

Compounds

充沛 (chōngpèi)
汎沛 / 泛沛
沛公 (Pèigōng)
沛國 / 沛国 (Pèiguó)
沛沛
沛澤 / 沛泽
沛然 (pèirán)
沛縣 / 沛县 (Pèixiàn)
沛艾
沛雨甘霖
流離顛沛 / 流离颠沛
渿沛
滂沛 (pāngpèi)
滯沛 / 滞沛
漰沛
灃沛 / 沣沛
精力充沛
葉斯沛森 / 叶斯沛森
豐沛 / 丰沛 (fēngpèi)
造次顛沛 / 造次颠沛
項莊舞劍，意在沛公 / 项庄舞剑，意在沛公 (Xiàng Zhuāng wǔ jiàn, yì zài Pèigōng)
顛沛 / 颠沛 (diānpèi)
顛沛流離 / 颠沛流离 (diānpèiliúlí)

Japanese

Kanji

沛

(Hyōgai kanji)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Go-on: はい (hai)
Kan-on: はい (hai)
Kun: さわ (sawa)、さかん (sakan)

Korean

Hanja

沛 (eum 패 (pae))

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

沛: Hán Việt readings: phái^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6], bái^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[7]
沛: Nôm readings: phải^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8], phới^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6]^[7]^[8], phai^[1]^[2]^[3]^[5]^[6]^[8], phảy^[3]^[5], phởi^[5]^[6], pháy^[5]^[7], phơi^[2], phay^[3], phây^[3], phẩy^[3]

chữ Nôm form of phai (“(of colours) to fade”)
chữ Nôm form of phải
1. (often with bên) right (side, direction)
2. correct
3. (modal auxiliary) must, have to, should
4. to have to endure (something unpleasant)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Trần (2004).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 ^5.7 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Génibrel (1898).
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Hồ (1976).
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[tdcndg-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 ^2.4 ^2.5 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Trần (2004).

[tchvtd-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Thiều Chửu (1942).

[bonet-5] 5.0 ^5.1 ^5.2 ^5.3 ^5.4 ^5.5 ^5.6 ^5.7 Bonet (1899).

[genibrel-6] 6.0 ^6.1 ^6.2 ^6.3 ^6.4 Génibrel (1898).

[btcn-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 Hồ (1976).

[taberd-8] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

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