旗

See also: 旂

旗	U+65D7, 旗 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65D7

← 旖
[U+65D6]

CJK Unified Ideographs

旘 →
[U+65D8]

Translingual

Han character

旗 (Kangxi radical 70, 方+10, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜尸人廿金 (YSOTC), four-corner 0828₁, composition ⿸𭤨其)

Derived characters

𪇥, 𪰃, 籏, 𫰁

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 484, character 28
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13687
Dae Jaweon: page 846, character 27
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2183, character 13
Unihan data for U+65D7

Chinese

simp. and trad.		旗
alternative forms		旂

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 旗
Warring States	Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Qin slip script	Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (其) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
基	*kɯ
箕	*kɯ
朞	*kɯ
稘	*kɯ
萁	kɯ, ɡɯ
期	kɯ, ɡɯ
諅	kɯ, ɡɯs
其	kɯ, ɡɯ
錤	kɯ, ɡɯ
諆	kɯ, kʰɯ
欺	*kʰɯ
娸	*kʰɯ
魌	*kʰɯ
僛	*kʰɯ
唭	*kʰɯs
棋	*ɡɯ
旗	*ɡɯ
淇	*ɡɯ
祺	ɡɯ, ɡɯ
琪	*ɡɯ
騏	*ɡɯ
綦	*ɡɯ
麒	*ɡɯ
蜞	*ɡɯ
綨	*ɡɯ
蜝	*ɡɯ
棊	*ɡɯ
碁	*ɡɯ
鯕	*ɡɯ
踑	*ɡɯ
藄	*ɡɯ
櫀	*ɡɯ
璂	*ɡɯ
禥	*ɡɯ
惎	*ɡɯs
帺	*ɡɯs

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡɯ): semantic 㫃 (“flag”) + phonetic 其 (OC *kɯ, *ɡɯ).

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Standard)
(Pinyin): qí (qi²)

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧˊ

(Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): qi²
Cantonese
(Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): kei⁴

(Taishan, Wiktionary): kei³
Gan (Wiktionary): qi²
Hakka
(Sixian, PFS): khì

(Hailu, HRS): ki

(Meixian, Guangdong): ki²
Jin (Wiktionary): qi¹
Northern Min (KCR): gǐ
Eastern Min (BUC): gì
Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): gi²
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kî

(Teochew, Peng'im): gi⁵

(Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): gi⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁶ji
Xiang (Changsha, Wiktionary): ji²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qí
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cí
  - Wade–Giles: chʻi²
  - Yale: chí
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyi
  - Palladius: ци (ci)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
  - Sichuanese Pinyin: qi²
  - Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: ki
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kei⁴
  - Yale: kèih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kei⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: kéi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei̯²¹/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
  - Wiktionary: kei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰei²²/
Gan
- (Nanchang)
  - Wiktionary: qi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi²⁴/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khì
  - Hakka Romanization System: ki^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: ki²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
- (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
  - Hakka Romanization System: ki
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi⁵⁵/
- (Meixian)
  - Guangdong: ki²
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi¹¹/
Jin
- (Taiyuan)⁺
  - Wiktionary: qi¹
  - Sinological IPA (old-style): /t͡ɕʰi¹¹/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: gǐ
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki²¹/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: gì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵³/
Puxian Min
- (Putian)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi²
  - Báⁿ-uā-ci̍: gí
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki¹³/
- (Xianyou)
  - Pouseng Ping'ing: gi²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Jinjiang, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kî
  - Tâi-lô: kî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kii
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /ki¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /ki²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou, Jinjiang, Taipei): /ki²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: gi⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kî
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ki⁵⁵/
- (Leizhou)
  - Leizhou Pinyin: gi⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /ki²²/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ⁶ji
  - MiniDict: ji^去
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ³jji
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /d͡ʑi²³/
Xiang
- (Changsha)
  - Wiktionary: ji²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi¹³/

Middle Chinese: gi

Rime
Character	旗
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	群 (30)
Final (韻)	之 (19)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	渠之切
Baxter	gi
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/ɡɨ/
Pan Wuyun	/ɡɨ/
Shao Rongfen	/ɡie/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/gɨ/
Li Rong	/ɡiə/
Wang Li	/ɡĭə/
Bernhard Karlgren	/gi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	kei⁴

Old Chinese
(Baxter–Sagart): /*[ɡ](r)ə/

(Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	旗
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	qí
Middle Chinese	‹ gi ›
Old Chinese	/*[ɡ](r)ə/
English	flag
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. [t] as coda may in fact be -t or -p; Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	旗
Reading #	1/1
No.	9948
Phonetic component	其
Rime group	之
Rime subdivision	0
Corresponding MC rime	其
Old Chinese	/*ɡɯ/

Definitions

旗

flag; banner (Classifier: 面 m; 支 c mn-t)
(historical) banner (type of administrative and military division under the Qing dynasty)
banner (type of administrative division in Inner Mongolia, China)
(Hong Kong Cantonese taxi driver jargon) fare; customer; trip (Classifier: 支 c)
(Hong Kong Cantonese slang) opium pipe
a surname

Compounds

下半旗 (xiàbànqí)
令字旗
令旗
作纛旗兒 / 作纛旗儿
倒旗鎗 / 倒旗枪
偃旗息鼓 (yǎnqíxīgǔ)
偃旗臥鼓 / 偃旗卧鼓
八旗 (bāqí)
八旗制度
八旗子弟 (bāqí zǐdì)
八旗都統 / 八旗都统
劍旗魚 / 剑旗鱼
區旗 / 区旗 (qūqí)
升旗 (shēngqí)
卷旗息鼓
國旗 / 国旗 (guóqí)
國旗法 / 国旗法
執旗將 / 执旗将
大張旗鼓 / 大张旗鼓 (dàzhāngqígǔ)
太陽旗 / 太阳旗 (tàiyángqí)
定風旗 / 定风旗
帥字旗 / 帅字旗
打旗兒的 / 打旗儿的
打順風旗 / 打顺风旗
扯順風旗 / 扯顺风旗
拔旗
授旗
掩旗息鼓
揚旗 / 扬旗
揭白旗
搴旗
搴旗取將 / 搴旗取将
搖旗吶喊 / 摇旗呐喊 (yáoqínàhǎn)
搖旗打鼓 / 摇旗打鼓
搖旗擂鼓 / 摇旗擂鼓 (yáo qí léigǔ)
搴旗斬馘 / 搴旗斩馘
搖旗鼓譟 / 摇旗鼓噪
摩旗相助
撲旗 / 扑旗
撦鼓奪旗 / 撦鼓夺旗
斬將奪旗 / 斩将夺旗
斬將搴旗 / 斩将搴旗 (zhǎnjiàngqiānqí)
旍旗
旌旗 (jīngqí)
旌旗所指
旌旗蔽天
旌旗蔽日 (jīngqíbìrì)
旌旗蔽空
旗丁
旗下 (qíxià)
旗亭
旗亭畫壁 / 旗亭画壁
旗人 (qírén)
旗子 (qízi)
旗山 (Qíshān, “Cishan”)
旗幟 / 旗帜 (qízhì)
旗手 (qíshǒu)
旗旛 (qífān)
旗杆 (qígān)
旗杆灣 (Qígānwān)
旗桿 / 旗杆 (qígān)
旗槍 / 旗枪
旗津 (Qíjīn, “Cijin”)
旗牌
旗牌官
旗瓣
旗竿 (qígān)
旗籍
旗艦 / 旗舰 (qíjiàn)
旗花
旗號 / 旗号 (qíhào)
旗袋
旗袍 (qípáo)
旗裝 / 旗装
旗語 / 旗语 (qíyǔ)
旗開得勝 / 旗开得胜
旗開馬到 / 旗开马到
旗靡
旗頭 / 旗头
旗魚 / 旗鱼 (qíyú)
旗鼓
旗鼓相望
旗鼓相當 / 旗鼓相当 (qígǔxiāngdāng)
旭日旗 (xùrìqí)
星旗
星旗電戟 / 星旗电戟
星條旗 / 星条旗 (Xīngtiáoqí)
校旗 (xiàoqí)
桂旗
海軍旗 / 海军旗
牙旗
獻旗 / 献旗
王命旗牌
白旗 (báiqí)
盟旗制度
磨旗
祭旗 (jìqí)
萬國旗 / 万国旗 (wànguóqí)
精忠旗
紅旗 / 红旗 (hóngqí)
紅旗報捷 / 红旗报捷
紅旗手 / 红旗手
綠旗兵 / 绿旗兵
繡旗 / 绣旗 (xiùqí)
纛旗
義旗 / 义旗 (yìqí)
臥旗息鼓 / 卧旗息鼓
臥鼓偃旗 / 卧鼓偃旗
舉白旗 / 举白旗 (jǔ báiqí)
花旗 (Huāqí)
茶旗
蚩尤旗 (Chīyóuqí)
認旗 / 认旗
豎白旗 / 竖白旗
買旗 / 买旗
賣旗 / 卖旗
軍旗 / 军旗 (jūnqí)
轍亂旗靡 / 辙乱旗靡 (zhéluànqímǐ)
酒旗 (jiǔqí)
重振旗鼓 (chóngzhènqígǔ)
重整旗鼓 (chóngzhěngqígǔ)
錦旗 / 锦旗 (jǐnqí)
鏢旗 / 镖旗
門旗 / 门旗 (ménqí)
降半旗 (jiàngbànqí)
降旗 (jiàngqí)
靠旗
順風扯旗 / 顺风扯旗
順風旗 / 顺风旗
黃旗紫蓋 / 黄旗紫盖
黑旗 (hēiqí)
黑旗軍 / 黑旗军
黨旗 / 党旗 (dǎngqí)
龍旗 / 龙旗

Descendants

Sino-Xenic (旗):

→ Japanese: 旗(き) (ki)
→ Korean: 기(旗) (gi)
→ Vietnamese: kì (旗)

Others:

→ Vietnamese: cờ
→ Zhuang: geiz

References

“旗”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
(Min Nan) “旗”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2026.

Japanese

Kanji

旗

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

Go-on: ぎ (gi)
Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
Kun: はた (hata, 旗, Jōyō)

Etymology 1

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *pata[2].

Kanji in this term
旗
はた Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) はた [hàtáꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
IPA^(key): [ha̠ta̠]

Noun

旗(はた) • (hata)

flag
プエルトリコの旗(はた)
Pueruto Riko no hata
flag of Puerto Rico

Descendants

→ Bunun: hata
→ Kavalan: hata
→ Saaroa: hata'a
→ Sakizaya: hata
→ Saisiyat: hata'

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
旗
き Grade: 4
on'yomi

Affix

旗(き) • (ki)

flag; banner

Noun

旗(き) • (ki)

banner (type of administrative division in Inner Mongolia, China)

References

“旗”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[3] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Etymology

From Middle Chinese 旗 (MC gi).

Historical readings
Dongguk Jeongun reading
Dongguk Jeongun, 1448	끵 (Yale: kkùy)
Middle Korean
Text	Eumhun
Text	*Gloss (hun)*	Reading
Hunmong Jahoe, 1527^[4]	긧 (Yale: kùy-s)	긔 (Yale: kùy)

Pronunciation

(SK Standard/Seoul) IPA^(key): [ki]
Phonetic hangul: [기]

Hanja

旗 (eumhun 깃발 기 (gitbal gi))

hanja form^? of 기 (“flag; banner”) [noun; affix]

Compounds

국기 (國旗, gukgi)
군기 (軍旗, gun'gi)
기수 (旗手, gisu)
기장 (旗章, gijang)
기치 (旗幟, gichi)
농기 (農旗, nonggi)
당기 (黨旗, danggi)
백기 (白旗, baekgi)
삼색기 (三色旗, samsaekgi)
성조기 (星條旗, seongjogi)
영기 (令旗, yeonggi)
자치기 (自治旗, jachigi)
태극기 (太極旗, taegeukgi)
팔기 (八旗, palgi)

Vietnamese

Han character

旗: Hán Việt readings: kì^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]
旗: Nôm readings: cờ^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7]

chữ Hán form of kì (“flag”)
chữ Nôm form of cờ (“flag; banner”)

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Trần (2004).
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Hồ (1976).
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Bonet (1899).
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).
^ Génibrel (1898).
^ Nguyễn (2014).

[tdcntd-1] 1.0 ^1.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).

[gdhn-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Trần (2004).

[btcn-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Hồ (1976).

[bonet-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Bonet (1899).

[taberd-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).

[genibrel-6] Génibrel (1898).

[tdcndg-7] Nguyễn (2014).

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

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