強制

See also: 强制

Chinese

		strength; force; power strength; force; power; powerful; better	system; to make; to manufacture system; to make; to manufacture; to control; to regulate
trad. (強制/强)		強/强	制
simp. (强制)		强	制

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiángzhì, qiǎngzhì

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄓˋ, ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄓˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): koeng⁵ zai³ / koeng⁴ zai³
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiông-chè / kiâng-chì / kiâng-chè

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiang⁵ zi³

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiángzhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciángjhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang²-chih⁴
  - Yale: chyáng-jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyangjyh
  - Palladius: цянчжи (cjančži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎngzhì
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄓˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎngjhìh
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang³-chih⁴
  - Yale: chyǎng-jr̀
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheangjyh
  - Palladius: цянчжи (cjančži)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʐ̩⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: koeng⁵ zai³ / koeng⁴ zai³
  - Yale: kéuhng jai / kèuhng jai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: koeng⁵ dzai³ / koeng⁴ dzai³
  - Guangdong Romanization: kêng⁵ zei³ / kêng⁴ zei³
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰœːŋ¹³ t͡sɐi̯³³/, /kʰœːŋ²¹ t͡sɐi̯³³/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Singapore)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-chè
  - Tâi-lô: kiông-tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiongzex
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡se²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡se¹¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² t͡se⁴¹/
  - Sinological IPA (Singapore): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²¹ t͡se²¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng-chì
  - Tâi-lô: kiâng-tsì
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiangcix
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ¹³⁻²² t͡si²¹/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng-chè
  - Tâi-lô: kiâng-tsè
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiangzex
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiaŋ²³⁻³³ t͡se²¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiang⁵ zi³
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiâng tsì
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ t͡si²¹³/

Verb

強制

to enforce; to force; to compel; to coerce
被強制戒毒／被强制戒毒 ― bèi qiángzhì jièdú ― to be compelled to receive treatment for drug addiction

Synonyms

edit

劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
勒
勒逼 (lèbī)
強迫 / 强迫
強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
押 (Hokkien, Teochew)
緊逼 / 紧逼 (jǐnbī)
脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
迫
迫使 (pòshǐ)
逼
逼迫 (bīpò)

Adjective

強制

(attributive) forceful; coercive
採取強制手段／采取强制手段 ― cǎiqǔ qiángzhì shǒuduàn ― to adopt coercive measures

Adverb

強制

in a forceful way; forcibly

Synonyms

強行／强行 (qiángxíng)

Noun

強制

compulsion (irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action); obsession

Synonyms

強迫／强迫 (qiǎngpò)

Derived terms

強制保險 / 强制保险
強制性 / 强制性
強制拘留 / 强制拘留

References

羅竹風 [Luo, Zhufeng], editor (1986–1994), “强制”, in 漢語大詞典 [Hanyu Da Cidian] (in Chinese), 1st edition, Shanghai: Shanghai Lexicographical Publishing House, →ISBN

Japanese

Kanji in this term
強	制
きょう Grade: 2	せい Grade: 5
kan'on

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょーせー [kyòóséé] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːse̞ː]

Noun

強(きょう)制(せい) • (kyōsei) ^{←きやうせい (kyausei)^?}

compulsion, imposition, enforcement, coercion
強(きょう)制(せい)終(しゅう)了(りょう)
kyōsei shūryō
(competition) forced end; (computing) forced shutdown

Derived terms

強(きょう)制(せい)移(い)民(みん) (kyōsei imin)
強(きょう)制(せい)隔(かく)離(り) (kyōsei kakuri)
強(きょう)制(せい)管(かん)理(り) (kyōsei kanri)
強(きょう)制(せい)起(き)訴(そ) (kyōsei kiso)
強(きょう)制(せい)競(けい)売(ばい) (kyōsei keibai)
強(きょう)制(せい)罪(ざい) (kyōseizai)
強(きょう)制(せい)執(しっ)行(こう) (kyōsei shikkō)
強(きょう)制(せい)収(しゅう)容(よう)所(じょ) (kyōsei shūyōjo)
強(きょう)制(せい)消(しょう)却(きゃく) (kyōsei shōkyaku)
強(きょう)制(せい)処(しょ)分(ぶん) (kyōsei shobun)
強(きょう)制(せい)振(しん)動(どう) (kyōsei shindō)
強(きょう)制(せい)性(せい)交(こう) (kyōsei seikō)
強(きょう)制(せい)送(そう)還(かん) (kyōsei sōkan)
強(きょう)制(せい)捜(そう)査(さ) (kyōsei sōsa)
強(きょう)制(せい)疎(そ)開(かい) (kyōsei sokai)
強(きょう)制(せい)措(そ)置(ち) (kyōsei sochi)
強(きょう)制(せい)仲(ちゅう)裁(さい) (kyōsei chūsai)
強(きょう)制(せい)徴(ちょう)収(しゅう) (kyōsei chōshū)
強(きょう)制(せい)調(ちょう)停(てい) (kyōsei chōtei)
強(きょう)制(せい)通(つう)風(ふう) (kyōsei tsūfū)
強(きょう)制(せい)通(つう)用(よう)力(りょく) (kyōsei tsūyōryoku)
強(きょう)制(せい)的(てき) (kyōseiteki)
強(きょう)制(せい)認(にん)知(ち) (kyōsei ninchi)
強(きょう)制(せい)罰(ばつ) (kyōseibatsu)
強(きょう)制(せい)弁(べん)護(ご) (kyōsei bengo)
強(きょう)制(せい)保(ほ)険(けん) (kyōsei hoken)
強(きょう)制(せい)履(り)行(こう) (kyōsei rikō)
強(きょう)制(せい)力(りょく) (kyōseiryoku)
強(きょう)制(せい)労(ろう)働(どう) (kyōsei rōdō)
強(きょう)制(せい)和(わ)議(ぎ) (kyōsei wagi)

Verb

強(きょう)制(せい)する • (kyōsei suru) ^{←きやうせい (kyausei)^?}transitive suru (stem 強(きょう)制(せい)し (kyōsei shi), past 強(きょう)制(せい)した (kyōsei shita))

to force, to impose, to compel, to coerce
労(ろう)働(どう)を強(きょう)制(せい)する
rōdō o kyōsei suru
to force to work

Conjugation

Conjugation of "強制する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	強制し	きょうせいし	kyōsei shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	強制し	きょうせいし	kyōsei shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	強制する	きょうせいする	kyōsei suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	強制する	きょうせいする	kyōsei suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	強制すれ	きょうせいすれ	kyōsei sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	強制せよ¹ 強制しろ²	きょうせいせよ¹ きょうせいしろ²	kyōsei seyo¹ kyōsei shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	強制される	きょうせいされる	kyōsei sareru
Causative	強制させる強制さす	きょうせいさせるきょうせいさす	kyōsei saseru kyōsei sasu
Potential	強制できる	きょうせいできる	kyōsei dekiru
Volitional	強制しよう	きょうせいしよう	kyōsei shiyō
Negative	強制しない	きょうせいしない	kyōsei shinai
Negative continuative	強制せず	きょうせいせず	kyōsei sezu
Formal	強制します	きょうせいします	kyōsei shimasu
Perfective	強制した	きょうせいした	kyōsei shita
Conjunctive	強制して	きょうせいして	kyōsei shite
Hypothetical conditional	強制すれば	きょうせいすれば	kyōsei sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“強制”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Ineko Kondō, Fumi Takano, Mary E. Althaus, et al. (2002), Shogakukan Progressive Japanese-English Dictionary, third edition, Tokyo: Shōgakukan, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja in this term
強	制

Noun

強制 • (gangje) (hangeul 강제)

hanja form^? of 강제 (“compulsion, coercion”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
強	制

Adjective

強制

chữ Hán form of cưỡng chế (“to coerce”)

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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[2]