強迫

Chinese

		strength; force; power strength; force; power; powerful; better	to force; to compel; pressing to force; to compel; pressing; urgent
trad. (強迫/强迫)		強/强	迫
simp. (强迫)		强	迫

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): qiǎngpò, qiángpò

(Zhuyin): ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄆㄛˋ, ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄆㄛˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): koeng⁵ bik¹
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): khiòng-pet
Eastern Min (BUC): giòng-páe̤k
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): kiông-pek / kiông-piak / kiâng-pek

(Teochew, Peng'im): kiang⁵ bêg⁴

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, standard in Mainland and Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiǎngpò
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˇ ㄆㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciǎngpò
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang³-pʻo⁴
  - Yale: chyǎng-pwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: cheangpoh
  - Palladius: цянпо (cjanpo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ²¹⁴⁻²¹ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese, variant)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: qiángpò
  - Zhuyin: ㄑㄧㄤˊ ㄆㄛˋ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: ciángpò
  - Wade–Giles: chʻiang²-pʻo⁴
  - Yale: chyáng-pwò
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chyangpoh
  - Palladius: цянпо (cjanpo)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕʰi̯ɑŋ³⁵ pʰu̯ɔ⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: koeng⁵ bik¹
  - Yale: kéuhng bīk
  - Cantonese Pinyin: koeng⁵ bik⁷
  - Guangdong Romanization: kêng⁵ big¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰœːŋ¹³ pɪk̚⁵/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: khiòng-pet
  - Hakka Romanization System: kiong^ˇ bed^ˋ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: kiong² bed⁵
  - Sinological IPA: /kʰi̯oŋ¹¹ pet̚²/
Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
  - Bàng-uâ-cê: giòng-páe̤k
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kyoŋ⁵³⁻²¹ ^(pʰ-)mɔyʔ²⁴/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-pek
  - Tâi-lô: kiông-pik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiongpeg
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiɔŋ²³⁻³³ piɪk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻¹¹ piɪk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² piɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiông-piak
  - Tâi-lô: kiông-piak
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiongpiag
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kiɔŋ²⁴⁻²² piak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kiâng-pek
  - Tâi-lô: kiâng-pik
  - Phofsit Daibuun: kiangpeg
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kiaŋ²³⁻³³ piɪk̚³²/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kiaŋ¹³⁻²² piɪk̚³²/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kiang⁵ bêg⁴
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khiâng pek
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰiaŋ⁵⁵⁻¹¹ pek̚²/

Verb

強迫

to coerce; to force; to compel
強迫孩子背誦／强迫孩子背诵 ― qiǎngpò háizi bèisòng ― to force children to memorise what they learn

Synonyms

edit

劫 (jié) (literary, or in compounds)
勒
勒逼 (lèbī)
強制 / 强制 (qiángzhì)
強逼 / 强逼 (qiǎngbī)
押 (Hokkien, Teochew)
緊逼 / 紧逼 (jǐnbī)
脅迫 / 胁迫 (xiépò)
迫
迫使 (pòshǐ)
逼
逼迫 (bīpò)

Noun

強迫

compulsion (irrational need or irresistible urge to perform some action); obsession

Synonyms

強制／强制 (qiángzhì)

Derived terms

強迫中獎 / 强迫中奖
強迫儲蓄 / 强迫储蓄
強迫勞動 / 强迫劳动
強迫取分 / 强迫取分
強迫性 / 强迫性
強迫振動 / 强迫振动 (qiángpò zhèndòng)
強迫教育 / 强迫教育
強迫症 / 强迫症
強迫降落 / 强迫降落

References

Duffus, William (1883), “force”, in English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow, Swatow: English Presbyterian Mission Press, page 113

Japanese

Kanji in this term
強	迫
きょう Grade: 2	はく Grade: S
on'yomi

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) きょーはく [kyòóhákú] (Heiban – [0])^[1]^[2]^[3]
IPA^(key): [kʲo̞ːha̠kɯ̟]

Noun

強(きょう)迫(はく) • (kyōhaku) ^{←きやうはく (kyaufaku)^?}

pressure, compulsion

Verb

強(きょう)迫(はく)する • (kyōhaku suru) transitive suru (stem 強(きょう)迫(はく)し (kyōhaku shi), past 強(きょう)迫(はく)した (kyōhaku shita))

to compel

Conjugation

Conjugation of "強迫する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	強迫し	きょうはくし	kyōhaku shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	強迫し	きょうはくし	kyōhaku shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	強迫する	きょうはくする	kyōhaku suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	強迫する	きょうはくする	kyōhaku suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	強迫すれ	きょうはくすれ	kyōhaku sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	強迫せよ¹ 強迫しろ²	きょうはくせよ¹ きょうはくしろ²	kyōhaku seyo¹ kyōhaku shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	強迫される	きょうはくされる	kyōhaku sareru
Causative	強迫させる強迫さす	きょうはくさせるきょうはくさす	kyōhaku saseru kyōhaku sasu
Potential	強迫できる	きょうはくできる	kyōhaku dekiru
Volitional	強迫しよう	きょうはくしよう	kyōhaku shiyō
Negative	強迫しない	きょうはくしない	kyōhaku shinai
Negative continuative	強迫せず	きょうはくせず	kyōhaku sezu
Formal	強迫します	きょうはくします	kyōhaku shimasu
Perfective	強迫した	きょうはくした	kyōhaku shita
Conjunctive	強迫して	きょうはくして	kyōhaku shite
Hypothetical conditional	強迫すれば	きょうはくすれば	kyōhaku sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

“強迫”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

[DJR-1] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[NHK-2] NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

[SMK5-3] Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

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