See also:
U+5B58, 存
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5B58

[U+5B57]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+5B59]

Translingual

Stroke order

Han character

(Kangxi radical 39, 子+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 大中弓木 (KLND), four-corner 40247, composition 𠂇)

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 278, character 2
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6943
  • Dae Jaweon: page 545, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1009, character 7
  • Unihan data for U+5B58

Chinese

simp. and trad.

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zluːn): phonetic (OC *zlɯː, *zlɯːs) + semantic .

Etymology 1

Possibly the demonstrative *-n derivation from (OC *zlɯːʔ) (Schuessler, 2007).

Pronunciation



  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /t͡sʰuən³⁵/
Harbin /t͡sʰuən²⁴/
Tianjin /t͡sʰuən⁴⁵/
Jinan /t͡sʰuẽ⁴²/
Qingdao /t͡sʰuə̃⁴²/
Zhengzhou /t͡sʰuən⁴²/
Xi'an /t͡sʰuẽ²⁴/
Xining /t͡sʰuə̃²⁴/
Yinchuan /t͡sʰuŋ⁵³/
Lanzhou /t͡sʰũn⁵³/
Ürümqi /t͡sʰuŋ⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡sʰən²¹³/
Chengdu /t͡sʰən³¹/
/t͡sʰuən³¹/
Guiyang /t͡sʰen²¹/
Kunming /t͡sʰuə̃³¹/
Nanjing /t͡sʰun²⁴/
Hefei /t͡sʰən⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sʰuəŋ¹¹/
Pingyao /t͡sʰuŋ¹³/
Hohhot /t͡sʰũŋ³¹/
Wu Shanghai /zəŋ²³/
Suzhou /zən¹³/
Hangzhou /d͡zen²¹³/
Wenzhou /zø³¹/
Hui Shexian /t͡sʰʌ̃⁴⁴/
Tunxi /t͡sʰuːə⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /t͡sən¹³/
Xiangtan /d͡zən¹²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡sʰun²⁴/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sʰun¹¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sʰun¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sʰyn²¹/
Nanning /t͡sʰyn²¹/
Hong Kong /t͡sʰyn²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sun³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡souŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sɔŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Haikou (Hainanese) /sun³¹/

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (15)
Final () (55)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () I
Fanqie
Baxter dzwon
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/d͡zuən/
Pan
Wuyun
/d͡zuon/
Shao
Rongfen
/d͡zuən/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/d͡zwən/
Li
Rong
/d͡zuən/
Wang
Li
/d͡zuən/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/d͡zʱuən/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
cún
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
cyun4
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
cún
Middle
Chinese
‹ dzwon ›
Old
Chinese
/*[dz]ˁə[n]/
English exist

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 1905
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*zluːn/

Definitions

  1. (literary) to exist
  2. to cherish; to harbor
  3. to store; to retain
  4. stock; reserve

Synonyms

  • (to exist):

Compounds

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of – see (“to be left; to remain; surplus; remainder”).
(This character is recorded in one or more historical dictionaries as a variant form of ).

Japanese

Kanji

(Sixth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. exist

Readings

Compounds

Etymology

Kanji in this term
そん
Grade: 6
kan'on

From Middle Chinese (MC dzwon).

Pronunciation

  • (Tokyo) んす [sòń súꜜrù] (Nakadaka – [3])[1]
  • IPA(key): [so̞ɰ̃ sɨɾɯ̟]

Verb

(そん)する • (son suruそん (son)?suru (stem (そん) (son shi), past (そん)した (son shita))

  1. (intransitive) to exist
  2. (transitive) to preserve

Conjugation

Conjugation of "する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 存し そんし son shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 存し そんし son shi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 存する そんする son suru
Rentaikei ("attributive") 存する そんする son suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 存すれ そんすれ son sure
Meireikei ("imperative") 存せよ¹
存しろ²
そんせよ¹
そんしろ²
son seyo¹
son shiro²
Key constructions
Passive 存される そんされる son sareru
Causative 存させる
存さす
そんさせる
そんさす
son saseru
son sasu
Potential 存できる そんできる son dekiru
Volitional 存しよう そんしよう son shiyō
Negative 存しない そんしない son shinai
Negative continuative 存せず そんせず son sezu
Formal 存します そんします son shimasu
Perfective 存した そんした son shita
Conjunctive 存して そんして son shite
Hypothetical conditional 存すれば そんすれば son sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Synonyms

References

  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 있을 (isseul jon))

  1. to have
  2. to exist
  3. to be living

Compounds

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Nôm readings: tồn, dòn, sòn, ròn, tòn

  1. chữ Hán form of tồn (to exist; to preserve)