生存

Chinese

		to be born; to give birth; life to be born; to give birth; life; to grow; student; raw	exist; deposit; store exist; deposit; store; keep; survive
simp. and trad. (生存)		生	存

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shēngcún

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄥㄘㄨㄣˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): sang¹ cyun⁴ / saang¹ cyun⁴
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sên-chhùn / sên-sùn
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): sng-chûn / seng-chûn

(Teochew, Peng'im): sên¹ cung⁵
Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ¹sen-zen

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: shēngcún
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄥㄘㄨㄣˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: shengcún
  - Wade–Giles: shêng¹-tsʻun²
  - Yale: shēng-tswún
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shengtswen
  - Palladius: шэнцунь (šɛncunʹ)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /ʂɤŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰu̯ən³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: sang¹ cyun⁴ / saang¹ cyun⁴
  - Yale: sāng chyùhn / sāang chyùhn
  - Cantonese Pinyin: sang¹ tsyn⁴ / saang¹ tsyn⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: seng¹ qun⁴ / sang¹ qun⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sɐŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/, /saːŋ⁵⁵ t͡sʰyːn²¹/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sên-chhùn / sên-sùn
  - Hakka Romanization System: sen^ˊ cun^ˇ / sen^ˊ sun^ˇ
  - Hagfa Pinyim: sen¹ cun² / sen¹ sun²
  - Sinological IPA: /sen²⁴ t͡sʰun¹¹/, /sen²⁴ sun¹¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: sng-chûn
  - Tâi-lô: sng-tsûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sngzuun
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /sŋ̍³³ t͡sun²⁴/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: seng-chûn
  - Tâi-lô: sing-tsûn
  - Phofsit Daibuun: sengzuun
  - Sinological IPA (Taipei): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun²⁴/
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡sun²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun¹³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /siɪŋ⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sun²⁴/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: sên¹ cung⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: seⁿ tshûng
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /sẽ³³⁻²³ t͡sʰuŋ⁵⁵/
Wu
- (Northern: Shanghai)
  - Wugniu: ¹sen-zen
  - MiniDict: sen^平 zen
  - Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ¹sen-zen
  - Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /sən⁵⁵ zən²¹/

Verb

生存

to live; to exist; to subsist; to survive
生存條件／生存条件 ― shēngcún tiáojiàn ― conditions of existence

Synonyms

edit

健在 (jiànzài) (of a person of advanced age)
在世 (zàishì)
在生 (zàishēng)
存活 (cúnhuó)
活著 / 活着 (huózhe)
生息 (shēngxī)

Derived terms

夾縫中求生存 / 夹缝中求生存 (jiāfèng zhōng qiú shēngcún)
生存空間 / 生存空间 (shēngcún kōngjiān)
生存競爭 / 生存竞争
適者生存 / 适者生存 (shìzhě shēngcún)

Japanese

Kanji in this term
生	存
せい Grade: 1	ぞん Grade: 6
kan'on	goon

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) せーぞん [sèézóń] (Heiban – [0])
IPA^(key): [se̞ːzõ̞ɴ]

Noun

生(せい)存(ぞん) • (seizon)

living, life

Usage notes

生存 is distinct from several other Japanese words that may also be translated to English as "life". In particular, it means "action involved in staying alive, as in 'signs of life'". Compare the terms below, which may also be rendered as "life" in English:

生活 (seikatsu, “life”): Day-to-day life as it is experienced; lifestyle; one's usual activities, habits, and routines.
命 (inochi, “life”): The state of being alive, an animating force, or life as a whole (from birth to death).
生命 (seimei, “life”): Biological life in general, particularly in scientific contexts.
存在 (sonzai, “life”): Being; either the state of existing or a thing that exists.
人生 (jinsei, “life”): A person's narrative, experience, and/or accomplishments from birth to death.
寿命 (jumyō, “life”): Lifespan or life expectancy.
残機 (zanki, “life”): A video-game life; a chance to play.
元気 (genki, “life”): Liveliness.

Verb

生(せい)存(ぞん)する • (seizon suru) intransitive suru (stem 生(せい)存(ぞん)し (seizon shi), past 生(せい)存(ぞん)した (seizon shita))

live, exist

Conjugation

Conjugation of "生存する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	生存し	せいぞんし	seizon shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	生存し	せいぞんし	seizon shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	生存する	せいぞんする	seizon suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	生存する	せいぞんする	seizon suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	生存すれ	せいぞんすれ	seizon sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	生存せよ¹ 生存しろ²	せいぞんせよ¹ せいぞんしろ²	seizon seyo¹ seizon shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	生存される	せいぞんされる	seizon sareru
Causative	生存させる生存さす	せいぞんさせるせいぞんさす	seizon saseru seizon sasu
Potential	生存できる	せいぞんできる	seizon dekiru
Volitional	生存しよう	せいぞんしよう	seizon shiyō
Negative	生存しない	せいぞんしない	seizon shinai
Negative continuative	生存せず	せいぞんせず	seizon sezu
Formal	生存します	せいぞんします	seizon shimasu
Perfective	生存した	せいぞんした	seizon shita
Conjunctive	生存して	せいぞんして	seizon shite
Hypothetical conditional	生存すれば	せいぞんすれば	seizon sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

Derived terms

生(せい)存(ぞん)者(しゃ) (seizonsha, “survivor”)

References

“生存”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
生	存

Noun

生存 • (saengjon) (hangeul 생존)

hanja form^? of 생존 (“survival”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
生	存

Verb

生存

chữ Hán form of sinh tồn (“to survive”)