See also: and
U+59E6, 姦
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-59E6

[U+59E5]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+59E7]

Translingual

Han character

(Kangxi radical 38, 女+6, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女女女 (VVV), four-corner 40444, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 260, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6217
  • Dae Jaweon: page 526, character 9
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1048, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+59E6

Chinese

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shang Western Zhou Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Bronze inscriptions Bronze inscriptions Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意): Triplication of (“woman”).

Etymology 1

trad. /*
simp. *
alternative forms
𢙶

Pronunciation


Note:
  • 1ke - vernacular;
  • 1ji - literary.

    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location
    Mandarin Beijing /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
    Harbin /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
    Tianjin /t͡ɕian²¹/
    Jinan /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
    Qingdao /t͡ɕiã²¹³/
    Zhengzhou /t͡ɕian²⁴/
    Xi'an /t͡ɕiã²¹/
    Xining /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
    Lanzhou /t͡ɕiɛ̃n³¹/
    Ürümqi /t͡ɕian⁴⁴/
    Wuhan /t͡ɕiɛn⁵⁵/
    Chengdu /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
    Guiyang /t͡ɕian⁵⁵/
    Kunming /t͡ɕiɛ̃⁴⁴/
    Nanjing /t͡ɕien³¹/
    Hefei /t͡ɕiĩ²¹/
    Jin Taiyuan /t͡ɕie¹¹/
    Pingyao /t͡ɕiɑŋ¹³/
    Hohhot /t͡ɕie³¹/
    Wu Shanghai /ke⁵³/
    Suzhou /t͡ɕiɪ⁵⁵/
    Hangzhou /t͡ɕiẽ̞³³/
    Wenzhou /ka³³/
    Hui Shexian /t͡ɕie³¹/
    /kɛ³¹/
    Tunxi /kɔ¹¹/ 強~
    /t͡siɛ¹¹/ ~賊
    Xiang Changsha /kan³³/
    Xiangtan /kan³³/
    Gan Nanchang /kan⁴²/
    Hakka Meixian /kian⁴⁴/
    Taoyuan /kien²⁴/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /kan⁵³/
    Nanning /kan⁵⁵/
    Hong Kong /kan⁵⁵/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /kan⁵⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /kaŋ⁴⁴/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /kaiŋ⁵⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /kaŋ³³/
    Haikou (Hainanese) /kaŋ²³/

    Rime
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial () (28)
    Final () (69)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division () II
    Fanqie
    Baxter kaen
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang
    /kˠan/
    Pan
    Wuyun
    /kᵚan/
    Shao
    Rongfen
    /kɐn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank
    /kaɨn/
    Li
    Rong
    /kan/
    Wang
    Li
    /kan/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren
    /kan/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex
    jiān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex
    gaan1
    BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)
    jiān
    Middle
    Chinese
    ‹ kæn ›
    Old
    Chinese
    /*[k]ˁran/
    English wicked(ness)

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 6027
    Phonetic
    component
    Rime
    group
    Rime
    subdivision
    1
    Corresponding
    MC rime
    Old
    Chinese
    /*kraːn/

    Definitions

    1. evil; wicked; treacherous
    2. evildoer; treacherous person
        ―  jiānrén  ―  bad person, evildoer
    3. to stage an armed rebellion or to steal
    4. traitor; betrayer
    5. to commit adultery
        ―  tōngjiān  ―  to commit adultery
    6. extramarital affair; adultery
    7. to rape
        ―  qiángjiān  ―  to rape

    Compounds

    • 三姦 / 三奸
    • 五姦 / 五奸
    • 作姦 / 作奸
    • 作姦犯科 / 作奸犯科 (zuòjiānfànkē)
    • 作姦犯罪 / 作奸犯罪
    • 兆姦 / 兆奸
    • 入姦 / 入奸
    • 內姦 / 内奸 (nèijiān)
    • 八姦 / 八奸
    • 凶姦
    • 刁姦 / 刁奸
    • 刺姦 / 刺奸
    • 包藏姦心 / 包藏奸心
    • 占姦
    • 告姦 / 告奸
    • 和姦 / 和奸
    • 售姦 / 售奸
    • 四姦 / 四奸
    • 國姦 / 国奸
    • 外姦 / 外奸
    • 大姦 / 大奸
    • 大姦似忠 / 大奸似忠
    • 姦亂 / 奸乱
    • 姦事 / 奸事
    • 姦人 / 奸人 (jiānrén)
    • 姦人之雄 / 奸人之雄
    • 姦伏 / 奸伏
    • 姦佔 / 奸占
    • 姦佞 / 奸佞 (jiānnìng)
    • 姦俠 / 奸侠
    • 姦便 / 奸便
    • 姦倖 / 奸幸
    • 姦偷 / 奸偷
    • 姦偽 / 奸伪
    • 姦兇 / 奸凶
    • 姦兆 / 奸兆
    • 姦凶
    • 姦刁 / 奸刁
    • 姦利 / 奸利
    • 姦刻 / 奸刻
    • 姦匿 / 奸匿
    • 姦占
    • 姦吏 / 奸吏
    • 姦咎 / 奸咎
    • 姦商 / 奸商 (jiānshāng)
    • 姦唯 / 奸唯
    • 姦回 / 奸回
    • 姦壬 / 奸壬
    • 姦夫 / 奸夫 (jiānfū)
    • 姦夫淫婦 / 奸夫淫妇
    • 姦妄 / 奸妄
    • 姦姦 / 奸奸
    • 姦威 / 奸威
    • 姦媚 / 奸媚
    • 姦子 / 奸子
    • 姦孽 / 奸孽
    • 姦宄 / 奸宄 (jiānguǐ)
    • 姦官 / 奸官
    • 姦宿 / 奸宿
    • 姦富 / 奸富
    • 姦小 / 奸小
    • 姦巧 / 奸巧
    • 姦市 / 奸市
    • 姦弊 / 奸弊
    • 姦強 / 奸强
    • 姦彊 / 奸强
    • 姦心 / 奸心
    • 姦怪 / 奸怪
    • 姦情 / 奸情 (jiānqíng)
    • 姦惡 / 奸恶
    • 姦惰 / 奸惰
    • 姦態 / 奸态
    • 姦愬 / 奸愬
    • 姦慝 / 奸慝
    • 姦慮 / 奸虑
    • 姦憸 / 奸𪫺
    • 姦故 / 奸故
    • 姦敝 / 奸敝
    • 姦數 / 奸数
    • 姦暴 / 奸暴
    • 姦朋 / 奸朋
    • 姦本 / 奸本
    • 姦枉 / 奸枉
    • 姦桀 / 奸桀
    • 姦權 / 奸权
    • 姦欺 / 奸欺
    • 姦殺 / 奸杀 (jiānshā)
    • 姦毒 / 奸毒
    • 姦民 / 奸民
    • 姦汙 / 奸污 (jiānwū)
    • 姦污 / 奸污 (jiānwū)
    • 姦法 / 奸法
    • 姦淫 / 奸淫 (jiānyín)
    • 姦淫擄掠 / 奸淫掳掠
    • 姦滑 / 奸滑
    • 姦漸 / 奸渐
    • 姦為 / 奸为
    • 姦牙 / 奸牙
    • 姦狀 / 奸状
    • 姦狡 / 奸狡
    • 姦猖 / 奸猖
    • 姦猾 / 奸猾 (jiānhuá)
    • 姦獪 / 奸狯
    • 姦由 / 奸由
    • 姦盜 / 奸盗
    • 姦盜邪淫 / 奸盗邪淫
    • 姦相 / 奸相
    • 姦矯 / 奸矫
    • 姦禽 / 奸禽
    • 姦私 / 奸私
    • 姦穢 / 奸秽
    • 姦端 / 奸端
    • 姦笑 / 奸笑 (jiānxiào)
    • 姦細 / 奸细 (jiānxì)
    • 姦罔 / 奸罔
    • 姦聲 / 奸声
    • 姦胥 / 奸胥
    • 姦膽 / 奸胆
    • 姦臣 / 奸臣 (jiānchén)
    • 姦臧 / 奸臧
    • 姦舋 / 奸舋
    • 姦色 / 奸色
    • 姦萌 / 奸萌
    • 姦蠹 / 奸蠹
    • 姦行 / 奸行
    • 姦言 / 奸言
    • 姦計 / 奸计 (jiānjì)
    • 姦訛 / 奸讹
    • 姦詐 / 奸诈 (jiānzhà)
    • 姦詭 / 奸诡
    • 姦說 / 奸说
    • 姦諂 / 奸谄
    • 姦諜 / 奸谍
    • 姦謀 / 奸谋
    • 姦諛 / 奸谀
    • 姦譎 / 奸谲
    • 姦譽 / 奸誉
    • 姦讒 / 奸谗
    • 姦豎 / 奸竖
    • 姦豪 / 奸豪
    • 姦貪 / 奸贪
    • 姦賊 / 奸贼 (jiānzéi)
    • 姦贓 / 奸赃
    • 姦路 / 奸路
    • 姦軌 / 奸轨
    • 姦逆 / 奸逆
    • 姦通 / 奸通 (jiāntōng)
    • 姦違 / 奸违
    • 姦道 / 奸道
    • 姦邪 / 奸邪 (jiānxié)
    • 姦釁 / 奸衅
    • 姦鋒 / 奸锋
    • 姦錢 / 奸钱
    • 姦鑄 / 奸铸
    • 姦門 / 奸门
    • 姦險 / 奸险 (jiānxiǎn)
    • 姦隱 / 奸隐
    • 姦雄 / 奸雄 (jiānxióng)
    • 姦非 / 奸非
    • 姦頑 / 奸顽
    • 姦騙 / 奸骗
    • 姦鹽 / 奸盐
    • 姦黠 / 奸黠
    • 姦黨 / 奸党 (jiāndǎng)
    • 嬴姦買俏 / 嬴奸买俏
    • 容姦 / 容奸
    • 宿姦 / 宿奸
    • 寇姦 / 寇奸
    • 富姦 / 富奸
    • 市姦 / 市奸
    • 強姦 / 强奸 (qiángjiān)
    • 強姦民意 / 强奸民意 (qiángjiān mínyì)
    • 强姦 (qiángjiān)
    • 御姦 / 御奸
    • 微姦 / 微奸
    • 愚姦 / 愚奸
    • 憸姦 / 𪫺奸
    • 懷姦 / 怀奸
    • 挾姦 / 挟奸
    • 捉姦 / 捉奸 (zhuōjiān)
    • 搆姦 / 构奸
    • 撒姦 / 撒奸
    • 擊姦 / 击奸
    • 擒姦擿伏 / 擒奸擿伏
    • 擒姦討暴 / 擒奸讨暴
    • 擿姦發伏 / 擿奸发伏
    • 文姦濟惡 / 文奸济恶
    • 昭姦 / 昭奸
    • 朋姦 / 朋奸
    • 格姦 / 格奸
    • 檢姦 / 检奸
    • 權姦 / 权奸
    • 洞燭姦邪 / 洞烛奸邪
    • 深姦 / 深奸
    • 深姦巨猾 / 深奸巨猾
    • 照姦 / 照奸
    • 犯姦 / 犯奸
    • 狼狽為姦 / 狼狈为奸 (lángbèiwéijiān)
    • 獸姦 / 兽奸 (shòujiān)
    • 玩姦 / 玩奸
    • 發姦 / 发奸
    • 發姦摘伏 / 发奸摘伏
    • 發姦摘覆 / 发奸摘覆
    • 發姦擿伏 / 发奸擿伏
    • 發摘姦隱 / 发摘奸隐
    • 發擿姦伏 / 发擿奸伏
    • 百姦 / 百奸
    • 矯姦 / 矫奸
    • 破姦發伏 / 破奸发伏
    • 破柱求姦 / 破柱求奸
    • 神姦 / 神奸
    • 神姦巨蠹 / 神奸巨蠹
    • 禁姦 / 禁奸
    • 禁姦除猾 / 禁奸除猾
    • 禦姦 / 御奸
    • 私姦 / 私奸
    • 稔姦 / 稔奸
    • 窮姦極惡 / 穷奸极恶
    • 老姦 / 老奸
    • 老姦巨猾 / 老奸巨猾 (lǎojiānjùhuá)
    • 行姦 / 行奸
    • 表裏為姦 / 表里为奸
    • 討姦 / 讨奸
    • 詘姦 / 诎奸
    • 詰姦 / 诘奸
    • 誘姦 / 诱奸 (yòujiān)
    • 調姦 / 调奸
    • 謀姦 / 谋奸
    • 豪姦 / 豪奸
    • 買姦 / 买奸
    • 賊姦 / 贼奸
    • 賣俏行姦 / 卖俏行奸
    • 賣俏迎姦 / 卖俏迎奸
    • 賣姦 / 卖奸
    • 贏姦賣俏 / 赢奸卖俏
    • 起姦 / 起奸
    • 輪姦 / 轮奸 (lúnjiān)
    • 迎姦賣俏 / 迎奸卖俏
    • 逃姦 / 逃奸
    • 逞姦 / 逞奸
    • 通姦 / 通奸 (tōngjiān)
    • 進賢退姦 / 进贤退奸
    • 進賢黜姦 / 进贤黜奸
    • 逼姦 / 逼奸
    • 遘姦 / 遘奸
    • 遺姦 / 遗奸
    • 釐姦 / 釐奸
    • 陰姦 / 阴奸
    • 雞姦 / 鸡奸 (jījiān)
    • 革姦剷暴 / 革奸铲暴
    • 養姦 / 养奸
    • 黜姦 / 黜奸

    Etymology 2

    trad.
    simp. *
    alternative forms

    Pronunciation


    Note: 1. Read as "kán" for one-syllable interjection. 2. Rarely used alone in Quanzhou, in favor of 使 (sái), except Quanzhou-like accents in Taiwan that follow Quanzhou tones like Lukang and nearby areas.

    Definitions

    1. (Hokkien, chiefly Xiamen and Zhangzhou Hokkien, vulgar) to fuck
    2. (Taiwanese Hokkien, vulgar) An interjection used to express one's anger: fuck!
    3. (Hokkien, chiefly Xiamen, Zhangzhou and Singapore Hokkien, vulgar) to chide; to swear; to curse; to scold
      [Hokkien]  ―  I tio̍h kàn. [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  He/She should scold.

    Synonyms

    • (word to express one's anger): (cào)

    Compounds

    References

    Japanese

    Alternative forms

    Kanji

    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. wicked
    2. mischief
    3. seduce
    4. rape
    5. noisy

    Readings

    • Go-on: けん (ken)
    • Kan-on: かん (kan)
    • Kun: みだら (midara, )よこしま (yokoshima, )かしましい (kashimashii, 姦しい)

    Compounds


    Kanji in this term
    かん
    Hyōgai
    on'yomi

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese (kaen).

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    (かん) • (kan-na (adnominal (かん) (kan na), adverbial (かん) (kan ni))

    1. wicked

    Inflection

    Inflection of
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 姦だろ かんだろ kan daro
    Continuative (連用形) 姦で かんで kan de
    Terminal (終止形) 姦だ かんだ kan da
    Attributive (連体形) 姦な かんな kan na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 姦なら かんなら kan nara
    Imperative (命令形) 姦であれ かんであれ kan de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 姦ではない
    姦じゃない
    かんではない
    かんじゃない
    kan de wa nai
    kan ja nai
    Informal past 姦だった かんだった kan datta
    Informal negative past 姦ではなかった
    姦じゃなかった
    かんではなかった
    かんじゃなかった
    kan de wa nakatta
    kan ja nakatta
    Formal 姦です かんです kan desu
    Formal negative 姦ではありません
    姦じゃありません
    かんではありません
    かんじゃありません
    kan de wa arimasen
    kan ja arimasen
    Formal past 姦でした かんでした kan deshita
    Formal negative past 姦ではありませんでした
    姦じゃありませんでした
    かんではありませんでした
    かんじゃありませんでした
    kan de wa arimasen deshita
    kan ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 姦で かんで kan de
    Conditional 姦なら(ば) かんなら(ば) kan nara (ba)
    Provisional 姦だったら かんだったら kan dattara
    Volitional 姦だろう かんだろう kan darō
    Adverbial 姦に かんに kan ni
    Degree 姦さ かんさ kansa

    Noun

    (かん) • (kan

    1. wickedness, wicked person

    References

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese (MC kaen). Recorded as Middle Korean (kan) (Yale: kan) in Sinjeung Yuhap (新增類合 / 신증유합), 1576.

    Pronunciation

    • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [ka̠(ː)n]
    • Phonetic hangul: [(ː)]
      • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

    Hanja

    (eumhun 간음할 (ganeumhal gan))

    1. hanja form? of (evil; wicked; treacherous)
    2. hanja form? of (to rape; to fornicate)

    Compounds

    References

    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전/電子字典. [3]

    Vietnamese

    Han character

    : Hán Nôm readings: gian

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.