奸

See also: 姦 and 歼
奸 U+5978, 奸
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-5978
← 奷
[U+5977] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 她 →
[U+5979]

Translingual

Han character

奸 (Kangxi radical 38, 女+3, 6 strokes, cangjie input 女一十 (VMJ), four-corner 41440, composition ⿰女干)

Derived characters

  • 𪥻 𫰸 𫱅 𫱸 𡋖

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 255, character 4
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6045
  • Dae Jaweon: page 518, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1025, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+5978

Chinese

trad. 奸/姦*
simp. 奸

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (干) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
訐 *krads, *krads, *ked, *kad
肝 *kaːn
竿 *kaːn
干 *kaːn
奸 *kaːn
玕 *kaːn
汗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn, *ɡaːns
迀 *kaːn
忓 *kaːn, *ɡaːns
鳱 *kaːn
邗 *kaːn, *ɡaːn
秆 *kaːnʔ
矸 *kaːnʔ, *kaːns, *ɡaːns
仠 *kaːnʔ
皯 *kaːnʔ
衦 *kaːnʔ
簳 *kaːnʔ
擀 *kaːnʔ
旰 *kaːns
盰 *kaːns
幹 *kaːns
杆 *kaːns
骭 *kaːns, *ɡraːns
桿 *kaːnʔ
趕 *kaːnʔ
稈 *kaːnʔ
刊 *kʰaːn
靬 *kʰaːn, *kʰaːns, *kreːn, *kan
衎 *kʰaːnʔ, *kʰaːns
犴 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns
豻 *ŋaːn, *ŋaːns, *ɦŋaːns, *ŋ̊ʰraːn
頇 *ŋaːns, *hŋaːn, *ŋaːd
岸 *ŋɡaːns
鼾 *qʰaːn, *ɢaːns
罕 *qʰaːnʔ, *qʰaːns
焊 *qʰaːnʔ, *ɡaːns
蔊 *qʰaːnʔ
虷 *ɡaːn
旱 *ɡaːnʔ
皔 *ɡaːnʔ
釬 *ɡaːns
扞 *ɡaːns
閈 *ɡaːns
馯 *ɡaːns, *kʰraːn
捍 *ɡaːns, *ɡraːnʔ
悍 *ɡaːns
銲 *ɡaːns
垾 *ɡaːns
駻 *ɡaːns
睅 *ɡʷranʔ
娨 *ɡraːns
飦 *kan
赶 *ɡan, *ɡʷad
軒 *qʰan
蓒 *qʰan
酐 *qʰaːŋʔ
澣 *ɡʷaːnʔ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːn): semantic 女 + phonetic 干 (OC *kaːn).

Etymology 1

Note:
  • 1ke - vernacular;
  • 1ji - literary.

    Definitions

    For pronunciation and definitions of 奸 – see 姦 (“evil; wicked; treacherous; evildoer; treacherous person; etc.”).
    (This character is the simplified and variant traditional form of 姦).
    Notes:

    Compounds

    • 以售其奸
    • 作奸犯科 (zuòjiānfànkē)
    • 元惡大奸
    • 內奸 (nèijiān)
    • 剗惡除奸 / 刬恶除奸
    • 剪惡除奸
    • 呆裡撒奸
    • 大奸
    • 大奸似忠
    • 奸人 (jiānrén)
    • 奸佞 (jiānnìng)
    • 奸俏
    • 奸刁
    • 奸同鬼蜮
    • 奸商 (jiānshāng)
    • 奸夫 (jiānfū)
    • 奸宄 (jiānguǐ)
    • 奸巧
    • 奸徒
    • 奸慝
    • 奸棍
    • 奸毒
    • 奸民 (jiānmín)
    • 奸汙 (jiānwū)
    • 奸淫 (jiānyín)
    • 奸滑
    • 奸狡
    • 奸猾 (jiānhuá)
    • 奸笑 (jiānxiào)
    • 奸細 (jiānxì)
    • 奸胥猾吏
    • 奸臣 (jiānchén)
    • 奸言
    • 奸計 (jiānjì)
    • 奸詐 (jiānzhà)
    • 奸詐不級 / 奸诈不级
    • 奸賊 (jiānzéi)
    • 奸邪 (jiānxié)
    • 奸長
    • 奸險 (jiānxiǎn)
    • 奸雄 (jiānxióng)
    • 奸頑
    • 奸騙
    • 奸黠
    • 奸黨 (jiāndǎng)
    • 姑息養奸
    • 捉奸捉雙
    • 捉奸見床
    • 捉奸見雙 / 捉奸见双
    • 揣奸把猾
    • 摘奸發伏
    • 擒奸摘伏
    • 擿奸發伏
    • 朋奸
    • 朋比作奸
    • 朋比為奸 (péngbǐwéijiān)
    • 洞察其奸
    • 洞燭其奸
    • 深奸巨猾
    • 漢奸 (hànjiān)
    • 犯奸
    • 狼狽為奸 / 狼狈为奸 (lángbèiwéijiān)
    • 發奸摘隱 / 发奸摘隐
    • 發奸擿伏
    • 祛蠹除奸
    • 私心藏奸
    • 老奸巨猾 (lǎojiānjùhuá)
    • 耍奸 (shuǎjiān)
    • 肆奸植黨
    • 藏奸 (cángjiān)
    • 行奸賣俏
    • 詐奸不及
    • 賣俏營奸 / 卖俏营奸
    • 賣俏迎奸
    • 賣奸
    • 賢奸倒置
    • 通奸 (tōngjiān)
    • 鋤奸 (chújiān)
    • 除奸

    Etymology 2

    Rime
    Character 奸
    Reading # 1/1
    Initial (聲) 見 (28)
    Final (韻) 寒 (61)
    Tone (調) Level (Ø)
    Openness (開合) Open
    Division (等) I
    Fanqie 古寒切
    Baxter kan
    Reconstructions
    Zhengzhang
    Shangfang         		/kɑn/
    Pan
    Wuyun         		/kɑn/
    Shao
    Rongfen         		/kɑn/
    Edwin
    Pulleyblank         		/kan/
    Li
    Rong         		/kɑn/
    Wang
    Li         		/kɑn/
    Bernhard
    Karlgren         		/kɑn/
    Expected
    Mandarin
    Reflex         		gān
    Expected
    Cantonese
    Reflex         		gon1
    Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
    Character 奸
    Reading # 1/1
    Modern
    Beijing
    (Pinyin)         		gān
    Middle
    Chinese         		‹ kan ›
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kˁa[r]/
    English treacherous

    Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

    * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
    * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
    * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
    * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

    * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
    Zhengzhang system (2003)
    Character 奸
    Reading # 1/1
    No. 3571
    Phonetic
    component         		干
    Rime
    group         		元
    Rime
    subdivision         		1
    Corresponding
    MC rime         		干
    Old
    Chinese         		/*kaːn/

    Definitions

    奸

    1. (archaic) to offend; to mistreat; to encroach on; alternative form of 干 (gān)

    Compounds

    • 奸命
    • 奸犯
    • 奸絕
    • 奸蘭
    • 奸説
    • 相奸 (xiānggān)
    • 闇奸

    References

    • “奸”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
    • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “奸”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 211.

    Japanese

    Alternative forms

    Kanji

    奸

    (Hyōgai kanji)

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Readings

    • Go-on: かん (kan)、けん (ken)
    • Kan-on: かん (kan)
    • Kun: おかす (okasu, 奸す)、あし (ashi, 奸し)、わるい (warui, 奸い)、よこしま (yokoshima, 奸)

    Compounds


    Kanji in this term
    奸
    かん
    Hyōgai
    on'yomi

    Etymology

    From Middle Chinese 奸 (MC kan).

    Pronunciation

    Adjective

    奸(かん) • (kan) -na (adnominal 奸(かん)な (kan na), adverbial 奸(かん)に (kan ni))

    1. wicked

    Inflection

    Inflection of 奸
    Stem forms
    Imperfective (未然形) 奸だろ かんだろ kan daro
    Continuative (連用形) 奸で かんで kan de
    Terminal (終止形) 奸だ かんだ kan da
    Attributive (連体形) 奸な かんな kan na
    Hypothetical (仮定形) 奸なら かんなら kan nara
    Imperative (命令形) 奸であれ かんであれ kan de are
    Key constructions
    Informal negative 奸ではない
    奸じゃない         		かんではない
    かんじゃない         		kan de wa nai
    kan ja nai
    Informal past 奸だった かんだった kan datta
    Informal negative past 奸ではなかった
    奸じゃなかった         		かんではなかった
    かんじゃなかった         		kan de wa nakatta
    kan ja nakatta
    Formal 奸です かんです kan desu
    Formal negative 奸ではありません
    奸じゃありません         		かんではありません
    かんじゃありません         		kan de wa arimasen
    kan ja arimasen
    Formal past 奸でした かんでした kan deshita
    Formal negative past 奸ではありませんでした
    奸じゃありませんでした         		かんではありませんでした
    かんじゃありませんでした         		kan de wa arimasen deshita
    kan ja arimasen deshita
    Conjunctive 奸で かんで kan de
    Conditional 奸なら（ば） かんなら（ば） kan nara (ba)
    Provisional 奸だったら かんだったら kan dattara
    Volitional 奸だろう かんだろう kan darō
    Adverbial 奸に かんに kan ni
    Degree 奸さ かんさ kansa

    Noun

    奸(かん) • (kan) 

    1. evil, wickedness
      Antonyms: 義(ぎ) (gi, “justice”)
    2. wicked person

    References

    1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
    2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

    Korean

    Hanja

    奸 (eumhun 간사할 간 (gansahal gan))
    奸 (eumhun 범할 간 (beomhal gan))

    1. hanja form? of 간 (“evil, wicked”)

    Compounds

    References

    • Naver Hanja Dictionary: 奸
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
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