固定
Chinese
hard; strong; solid hard; strong; solid; sure |
to set; to fix; to determine to set; to fix; to determine; to decide; to stabilize; to order | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| simp. and trad. (固定) |
固 | 定 | |
Pronunciation
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin: gùdìng
- Zhuyin: ㄍㄨˋ ㄉㄧㄥˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: gùdìng
- Wade–Giles: ku4-ting4
- Yale: gù-dìng
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: guhdinq
- Palladius: гудин (gudin)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku⁵¹⁻⁵³ tiŋ⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: gu3 ding6
- Yale: gu dihng
- Cantonese Pinyin: gu3 ding6
- Guangdong Romanization: gu3 ding6
- Sinological IPA (key): /kuː³³ tɪŋ²²/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: ku-thin
- Hakka Romanization System: gu tin
- Hagfa Pinyim: gu4 tin4
- Sinological IPA: /ku⁵⁵ tʰin⁵⁵/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: kò͘-tēng
- Tâi-lô: kòo-tīng
- Phofsit Daibuun: kordeng
- Sinological IPA (Xiamen): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /kɔ⁴¹⁻⁵⁵⁴ tiɪŋ⁴¹/
- Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /kɔ²¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ²²/
- Sinological IPA (Taipei): /kɔ¹¹⁻⁵³ tiɪŋ³³/
- Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /kɔ²¹⁻⁴¹ tiɪŋ³³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gu3 dian7
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kù tiāⁿ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ku²¹³⁻⁵⁵ tĩã¹¹/
- (Hokkien)
Adjective
固定
- fixed; regular; definite; consistent; uniform (not able to change or vary)
- 固定搭配 ― gùdìng dāpèi ― collocation
Synonyms
Verb
固定
- to make consistent; to make uniform; to regularize; to fix; to stabilize; to normalize
- (biology) to fix; to stabilize; to normalize
Derived terms
Japanese
| Kanji in this term | |
|---|---|
| 固 | 定 |
| こ Grade: 4 |
てい Grade: 3 |
| kan'on | |
Pronunciation
Noun
固定 • (kotei)
Verb
固定する • (kotei suru) suru (stem 固定し (kotei shi), past 固定した (kotei shita))
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 固定し | こていし | kotei shi |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 固定し | こていし | kotei shi |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 固定する | こていする | kotei suru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 固定する | こていする | kotei suru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 固定すれ | こていすれ | kotei sure |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 固定せよ¹ 固定しろ² |
こていせよ¹ こていしろ² |
kotei seyo¹ kotei shiro² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 固定される | こていされる | kotei sareru |
| Causative | 固定させる 固定さす |
こていさせる こていさす |
kotei saseru kotei sasu |
| Potential | 固定できる | こていできる | kotei dekiru |
| Volitional | 固定しよう | こていしよう | kotei shiyō |
| Negative | 固定しない | こていしない | kotei shinai |
| Negative continuative | 固定せず | こていせず | kotei sezu |
| Formal | 固定します | こていします | kotei shimasu |
| Perfective | 固定した | こていした | kotei shita |
| Conjunctive | 固定して | こていして | kotei shite |
| Hypothetical conditional | 固定すれば | こていすれば | kotei sureba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
References
- ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
- ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
- “固定”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026
Korean
| Hanja in this term | |
|---|---|
| 固 | 定 |
Noun
固定 • (gojeong) (hangeul 고정)
- hanja form? of 고정 (“fixity; immobility”)
Vietnamese
| chữ Hán Nôm in this term | |
|---|---|
| 固 | 定 |
Adjective
固定