兼ねる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 兼 |
| か Grade: S |
| kun'yomi |
| Alternative spelling |
|---|
| 予ねる (rare) |
Etymology
From Old Japanese 兼ぬ (kanu), in the 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) pattern, from Proto-Japonic *kan-a-.
Development
Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru.
Pronunciation
- Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 兼ねる
| Plain | 兼ねる | かねる | [kànéꜜrù] |
|---|---|---|---|
| Conjunctive | 兼ねて | かねて | [káꜜnètè] |
| Perfective | 兼ねた | かねた | [káꜜnètà] |
| Negative | 兼ねない | かねない | [kànéꜜnàì] |
| Negative perfective | 兼ねなかった | かねなかった | [kànéꜜnàkàttà] |
| Hypothetical conditional | 兼ねれば | かねれば | [kànéꜜrèbà] |
| Past conditional | 兼ねたら | かねたら | [káꜜnètàrà] |
| Imperative | 兼ねろ 兼ねよ |
かねろ かねよ |
[kànéꜜrò] [kànéꜜyò] |
| Volitional | 兼ねよう | かねよー | [kànéyóꜜò] |
| Desiderative | 兼ねたい | かねたい | [kànétáꜜì] |
| Formal | 兼ねます | かねます | [kànémáꜜsù] |
| Formal negative | 兼ねません | かねません | [kànémáséꜜǹ] |
| Formal volitional | 兼ねましょう | かねましょー | [kànémáshóꜜò] |
| Formal perfective | 兼ねました | かねました | [kànémáꜜshìtà] |
| Continuative | 兼ね 兼ねに |
かね かねに |
[káꜜnè] [káꜜnè nì] |
| Negative continuative | 兼ねず 兼ねずに |
かねず かねずに |
[kànéꜜzù] [kànéꜜzù nì] |
| Passive | 兼ねられる | かねられる | [kànéráréꜜrù] |
| Causative | 兼ねさせる 兼ねさす |
かねさせる かねさす |
[kànésáséꜜrù] [kànésáꜜsù] |
| Potential | 兼ねられる 兼ねれる |
かねられる かねれる |
[kànéráréꜜrù] [kànéréꜜrù] |
Verb
兼ねる • (kaneru) transitive ichidan (stem 兼ね (kane), past 兼ねた (kaneta))
- serve as one thing and another at once
- この部屋は書斎と応接間を兼ねています。
- Kono heya wa shosai to ōsetsuma o kanete imasu.
- This room serves both as a reading room and a guest room.
- この部屋は書斎と応接間を兼ねています。
- to take something else into concern; to further consider (something)
Conjugation
| Katsuyōkei ("stem forms") | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Mizenkei ("imperfective") | 兼ね | かね | kane |
| Ren’yōkei ("continuative") | 兼ね | かね | kane |
| Shūshikei ("terminal") | 兼ねる | かねる | kaneru |
| Rentaikei ("attributive") | 兼ねる | かねる | kaneru |
| Kateikei ("hypothetical") | 兼ねれ | かねれ | kanere |
| Meireikei ("imperative") | 兼ねよ¹ 兼ねろ² |
かねよ¹ かねろ² |
kaneyo¹ kanero² |
| Key constructions | |||
| Passive | 兼ねられる | かねられる | kanerareru |
| Causative | 兼ねさせる 兼ねさす |
かねさせる かねさす |
kanesaseru kanesasu |
| Potential | 兼ねられる 兼ねれる³ |
かねられる かねれる³ |
kanerareru kanereru³ |
| Volitional | 兼ねよう | かねよう | kaneyō |
| Negative | 兼ねない 兼ねぬ 兼ねん |
かねない かねぬ かねん |
kanenai kanenu kanen |
| Negative continuative | 兼ねず | かねず | kanezu |
| Formal | 兼ねます | かねます | kanemasu |
| Perfective | 兼ねた | かねた | kaneta |
| Conjunctive | 兼ねて | かねて | kanete |
| Hypothetical conditional | 兼ねれば | かねれば | kanereba |
¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative
³ Colloquial potential
Suffix
兼ねる • (-kaneru) ichidan (stem 兼ね (-kane), past 兼ねた (-kaneta))
- find it difficult to do, be unable to do
Usage notes
- As a suffix, this term is usually spelled in hiragana, attach after the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of a verb.
- Can be used in the negative form, as in かねない (kanenai) or かねません (kanemasen). Similar to かもしれない (kamoshirenai), this term has the nuance of the possibility of some unfavorable events happening.
References
- “兼ねる”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][2] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026