負う

Japanese

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term

Grade: 3
kun'yomi

Pronunciation

  • Tokyo pitch accent of conjugated forms of 負う
Plain 負う [òú]
Conjunctive 負って って [òtté]
Perfective 負った った [òttá]
Negative 負わない わない [òwánáí]
Negative perfective 負わなかった わなかった [òwánáꜜkàttà]
Hypothetical conditional 負えば [òéꜜbà]
Past conditional 負ったら った [òttáꜜrà]
Imperative 負え [òé]
Volitional 負おう [òóꜜò]
Desiderative 負いたい いたい [òítáí]
Formal 負います いま [òímáꜜsù]
Formal negative 負いません いませ [òímáséꜜǹ]
Formal volitional 負いましょう いましょ [òímáshóꜜò]
Formal perfective 負いました いました [òímáꜜshìtà]
Continuative 負い
負いに

いに
[òí]
[òí ní]
Negative continuative 負わず
負わずに
わず
わずに
[òwázú]
[òwázú ní]
Passive 負われる われる [òwárérú]
Causative 負わせる
負わす
わせる
わす
[òwásérú]
[òwású]
Potential 負える える [òérú]

Verb

() • (ouおふ (ofu)?transitive godan (stem () (oi), past ()った (otta))

  1. to bear, to carry on one's back
  2. to assume or take a responsibility
    • 1917, 豊島与志雄, 田原氏の犯罪:
      (しか)(きみ)主任店員(しゅにんてんいん)として一半(いっぱん)(せき)()なければならない。
      Shikashi kimi mo shunin ten'in toshite ippan no seki wa owanakereba naranai.
      Still, you must accept part of the responsibility as the managing shop assistant.
  3. to be in a debt of gratitude
  4. to suffer an injury
    • 1924, 岡本綺堂, 青蛙堂鬼談:
      (いもうと)全身(ぜんしん)大火傷(おおやけど)()って(むし)(いき)であった。
      Imōto wa zenshin ni ōyakedo o otte mushi no iki de atta.
      My younger sister was at death's door after suffering terrible burns on her entire body.
Conjugation
Conjugation of "負う" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective") 負わ おわ owa
Ren’yōkei ("continuative") 負い おい oi
Shūshikei ("terminal") 負う おう ou
Rentaikei ("attributive") 負う おう ou
Kateikei ("hypothetical") 負え おえ oe
Meireikei ("imperative") 負え おえ oe
Key constructions
Passive 負われる おわれる owareru
Causative 負わせる
負わす
おわせる
おわす
owaseru
owasu
Potential 負える おえる oeru
Volitional 負おう おおう
Negative 負わない おわない owanai
Negative continuative 負わず おわず owazu
Formal 負います おいます oimasu
Perfective 負った おった otta
Conjunctive 負って おって otte
Hypothetical conditional 負えば おえば oeba
Classical conjugation of "負ふ" (ハ行四段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
Stem forms
Irrealis (未然形) 負は おは ofa
Continuative (連用形) 負ひ おひ ofi
Terminal (終止形) 負ふ おふ ofu
Attributive (連体形) 負ふ おふ ofu
Realis (已然形) 負へ おへ ofe
Imperative (命令形) 負へ おへ ofe
Key constructions
Negative 負はず おはず ofazu
Contrasting conjunction 負へど おへど ofedo
Causal conjunction 負へば おへば ofeba
Conditional conjunction 負はば おはば ofaba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge) 負ひき おひき ofiki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge) 負ひけり おひけり ofikeri
Perfect tense (conscious action) 負ひつ おひつ ofitu
Perfect tense (natural event) 負ひぬ おひぬ ofinu
Perfect-continuative tense 負へり
負ひたり
おへり
おひたり
oferi
ofitari
Volitional 負はむ おはむ ofamu
Idioms
  • ()()えない (te ni oenai)
See also
  • (archaic) ()ぶる (oburu): to carry on one’s back, to bear

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
おぶ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 負う – see the following entry.
ぶう
[verb] to carry on one's back
[verb] to assume, take on (work, responsibility)
(This term, 負う, is an alternative spelling of the above term.)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
しょ
Grade: 3
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 負う – see the following entry.
背負しょ
[verb] [from 1278] to be burdened with, to carry on back or shoulder
(This term, 負う, is an alternative spelling (rare) of the above term.)

References

  1. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1974), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Second edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN