免除

Chinese

		to exempt; to remove; to avoid to exempt; to remove; to avoid; to excuse	remove; do away with; wipe out remove; do away with; wipe out; divide; except
simp. and trad. (免除)		免	除
anagram		除免

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): miǎnchú

(Zhuyin): ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄔㄨˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): min⁵ ceoi⁴
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): bián-tû / bián-tîr / bián-tî

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: miǎnchú
  - Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄢˇ ㄔㄨˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: miǎnchú
  - Wade–Giles: mien³-chʻu²
  - Yale: myǎn-chú
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: meanchwu
  - Palladius: мяньчу (mjanʹču)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /mi̯ɛn²¹⁴⁻²¹ ʈ͡ʂʰu³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)⁺
  - Jyutping: min⁵ ceoi⁴
  - Yale: míhn chèuih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: min⁵ tsoey⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: min⁵ cêu⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /miːn¹³ t͡sʰɵy̯²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-tû
  - Tâi-lô: bián-tû
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biefnduu
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ tu²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Xiamen, Taipei): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ tu²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-tîr
  - Tâi-lô: bián-tîr
  - Sinological IPA (Quanzhou): /biɛn⁵⁵⁴⁻²⁴ tɯ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, variant in Taiwan)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bián-tî
  - Tâi-lô: bián-tî
  - Phofsit Daibuun: biefndii
  - Sinological IPA (Kaohsiung): /biɛn⁴¹⁻⁴⁴ ti²³/
  - Sinological IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɛn⁵³⁻⁴⁴ ti¹³/

Verb

免除

to prevent; to avoid
to remit; to excuse; to exempt; to relieve
- 皇太后當可免除聖虞，撤簾退隱，歸政於皇上，即可安享無窮之聖壽。 [MSC, trad.]
  皇太后当可免除圣虞，撤帘退隐，归政于皇上，即可安享无穷之圣寿。 [MSC, simp.]
  From: 蒼穹之昴
  Huángtàihòu dāng kě miǎnchú shèng yú, chèlián tuìyǐn, guī zhèng yú huángshàng, jíkě ānxiǎng wúqióng zhī shèng shòu. [Pinyin]
  Empress Dowager[, you] can now relieve [yourself of your] royal anxiety, remove the curtain[,] retreat [to] seclusion, [and] return the political power to His Majesty, [so that you] can enjoy an eternally peaceful and long royal life.
to remove; to clear; to eliminate; to dispel

Synonyms

(to prevent):

候防 (Puxian Min)
嚴防 / 严防 (yánfáng)
幸免 (xìngmiǎn) (formal, to luckily avoid)
戒備 / 戒备 (jièbèi)
提防
謹防 / 谨防 (jǐnfáng)
避 (bì) (literary, or in compounds)
避免 (bìmiǎn)
防 (fáng)
防備 / 防备 (fángbèi)
防止 (fángzhǐ)
防範 / 防范 (fángfàn)
阻止 (zǔzhǐ)
預備 / 预备 (yùbèi) (literary)
預防 / 预防 (yùfáng)

(to exempt):

寬免 / 宽免 (kuānmiǎn)
蠲免 (juānmiǎn) (literary)
豁免 (huòmiǎn)

(to remove):

Japanese

Kanji in this term
免	除
めん Grade: S	じょ Grade: 6
on'yomi

Alternative spelling
免除 (kyūjitai)

Noun

免(めん)除(じょ) • (menjo)

exemption

Verb

免(めん)除(じょ)する • (menjo suru) transitive suru (stem 免(めん)除(じょ)し (menjo shi), past 免(めん)除(じょ)した (menjo shita))

exempt

Conjugation

Conjugation of "免除する" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs)
Katsuyōkei ("stem forms")
Mizenkei ("imperfective")	免除し	めんじょし	menjo shi
Ren’yōkei ("continuative")	免除し	めんじょし	menjo shi
Shūshikei ("terminal")	免除する	めんじょする	menjo suru
Rentaikei ("attributive")	免除する	めんじょする	menjo suru
Kateikei ("hypothetical")	免除すれ	めんじょすれ	menjo sure
Meireikei ("imperative")	免除せよ¹ 免除しろ²	めんじょせよ¹ めんじょしろ²	menjo seyo¹ menjo shiro²
Key constructions
Passive	免除される	めんじょされる	menjo sareru
Causative	免除させる免除さす	めんじょさせるめんじょさす	menjo saseru menjo sasu
Potential	免除できる	めんじょできる	menjo dekiru
Volitional	免除しよう	めんじょしよう	menjo shiyō
Negative	免除しない	めんじょしない	menjo shinai
Negative continuative	免除せず	めんじょせず	menjo sezu
Formal	免除します	めんじょします	menjo shimasu
Perfective	免除した	めんじょした	menjo shita
Conjunctive	免除して	めんじょして	menjo shite
Hypothetical conditional	免除すれば	めんじょすれば	menjo sureba

¹ Written imperative
² Spoken imperative

References

“免除”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia]‎^[1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2026

Korean

Hanja in this term
免	除

Noun

免除 • (myeonje) (hangeul 면제)

hanja form^? of 면제 (“exemption”)

Vietnamese

chữ Hán Nôm in this term
免	除

Verb

免除

chữ Hán form of miễn trừ (“to exempt from; to exclude from”)