See also: ⿻千⿱卄一
U+4E56, 乖
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-4E56

[U+4E55]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+4E57]

Translingual

Japanese ⿻千⿱卄一
Simplified
Traditional
Stroke order
Stroke order
Japan

Han character

(Kangxi radical 4, 丿+7, 8 strokes, cangjie input 竹十中心 (HJLP), four-corner 20111, composition )

Derived characters

References

  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 83, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 149
  • Dae Jaweon: page 166, character 26
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 1, page 38, character 18
  • Unihan data for U+4E56

Chinese

trad.
simp. #
alternative forms 𠁰
𦮃
𠂯

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts


References:

Mostly from Richard Sears' Chinese Etymology site (authorisation),
which in turn draws data from various collections of ancient forms of Chinese characters, including:

  • Shuowen Jiezi (small seal),
  • Jinwen Bian (bronze inscriptions),
  • Liushutong (Liushutong characters) and
  • Yinxu Jiaguwen Bian (oracle bone script).

According to Xu Shen, 𦫳 together with 𠔁.

Pronunciation


Note: 1kuae - Literary reading.

Rime
Character
Reading # 1/1
Initial () (28)
Final () (34)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division () II
Fanqie
Baxter kweaj
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/kˠuɛi/
Pan
Wuyun
/kʷᵚæi/
Shao
Rongfen
/kuɐi/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/kwəɨj/
Li
Rong
/kuɛi/
Wang
Li
/kwɐi/
Bernhard
Karlgren
/kwăi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
guāi
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
gwaai1
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
guāi
Middle
Chinese
‹ kwɛj ›
Old
Chinese
/*kʷˁrəj/
English oppose; disorder

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/1
No. 4401
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*kʷrɯːl/

Definitions

  1. clever; alert
  2. (usually of a child or animal) well-behaved; docile; obedient; nice; untroublesome
    真係 [Cantonese, trad.]
    真系 [Cantonese, simp.]
    nei5 go3 zai2 zan1 hai6 hou2 gwaai1. [Jyutping]
    Your son is very well-behaved.
    唔好~。 [Cantonese, trad. and simp.]
    m4 hou2 haam3 laa1. gwaai1 ~. [Jyutping]
    Don't cry, OK? (talking to a child)
  3. (literary, or in compounds) to violate; to rebel
  4. (literary, or in compounds) to separate; to split
  5. (literary, or in compounds) to break off; to cut off
  6. (literary, or in compounds) difference; mistake
  7. (literary, or in compounds) unnatural; strange
      ―  guāi  ―  perverse (of behaviour); disagreeable (of character)
  8. (Sichuanese, Xiang) beautiful

Usage notes

  • Unlike English obedient, is a positive compliment when used to describe a child. On the contrary, it is similarly disparaging when used for adults.

Synonyms

  • (clever):
  • (well-behaved):
  • (to violate):
  • (beautiful):

Antonyms

  • (antonym(s) of clever):
  • (antonym(s) of well-behaved): (Cantonese) (jai5)

See also

Compounds

  • 不乖
  • 乖乖
  • 乖乖兒的 / 乖乖儿的
  • 乖乖嘴
  • 乖乖的
  • 乖人
  • 乖僻 (guāipì)
  • 乖分
  • 乖別 / 乖别
  • 乖劣
  • 乖嘴
  • 乖子
  • 乖巧 (guāiqiǎo)
  • 乖張 / 乖张 (guāizhāng)
  • 乖忤
  • 乖性兒 / 乖性儿
  • 乖慵
  • 乖戾 (guāilì)
  • 乖滑
  • 乖爭 / 乖争
  • 乖異 / 乖异
  • 乖眼
  • 乖舛 (guāichuǎn)
  • 乖衰
  • 乖覺 / 乖觉 (guāijué)
  • 乖覺可喜 / 乖觉可喜 (guāijuékěxǐ)
  • 乖角
  • 乖訛 / 乖讹
  • 乖誤 / 乖误
  • 乖調 / 乖调
  • 乖謬 / 乖谬 (guāimiù)
  • 乖蹇
  • 乖迕
  • 乖違 / 乖违
  • 乖間 / 乖间
  • 乖阻
  • 乖隔
  • 乖離 / 乖离 (guāilí)
  • 乖離率 / 乖离率
  • 伶俐乖覺 / 伶俐乖觉
  • 伶俐嘴乖
  • 使乖
  • 出乖弄醜 / 出乖弄丑 (chūguāinòngchǒu)
  • 出乖露醜 / 出乖露丑
  • 口乖心歪
  • 命乖運拙 / 命乖运拙
  • 命蹇時乖 / 命蹇时乖
  • 嘴乖
  • 學乖 / 学乖
  • 小乖乖
  • 弄乖
  • 打乖
  • 抓乖
  • 抓乖賣俏 / 抓乖卖俏
  • 措置乖方
  • 放乖
  • 放乖潑 / 放乖泼
  • 放狂乖
  • 時乖 / 时乖 (shíguāi)
  • 時乖命蹇 / 时乖命蹇
  • 時乖運乖 / 时乖运乖
  • 時乖運拙 / 时乖运拙
  • 時乖運蹇 / 时乖运蹇
  • 狂乖
  • 聰明乖覺 / 聪明乖觉
  • 討乖 / 讨乖
  • 討好賣乖 / 讨好卖乖
  • 賣乖 / 卖乖 (màiguāi)
  • 運乖時蹇 / 运乖时蹇
  • 運拙時乖 / 运拙时乖
  • 運蹇時乖 / 运蹇时乖
  • 避乖
  • 首尾乖互

Descendants

  • Zhuang: gvai

References

  • ”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
  • 李如龙 [Li, Ru-long]; 刘福铸 [Liu, Fu-zhu]; 吴华英 [Wu, Hua-ying]; 黄国城 [Huang, Guo-cheng] (2019), “”, in 莆仙方言调查报告 [Investigation Report on Puxian Dialect] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), Xiamen University Press, →ISBN, page 156.

Japanese

Shinjitai
(extended)

⿻千⿱卄一

Print
standard

Kanji

(Hyōgai kanjikyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form ⿻千⿱卄一)

  1. to diverge, to disobey, to go against

Readings

  • Go-on: (ke)
  • Kan-on: かい (kai)くわい (kwai, historical)
  • Kun: もとる (motoru, 乖る)そむく (somuku, 乖く)

Compounds

Korean

Hanja

(eumhun 어그러질 (eogeureojil goe))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

Vietnamese

Han character

: Hán Việt readings: quai[1][2][3][4][5][6][7], quái[6]
: Nôm readings: quai[1][3][4][5][6][7], quay[1][2][3][4]

  1. chữ Nôm form of quai (strap)
  2. chữ Nôm form of quay (to turn; to revolve; to swivel)

References

  1. 1.0 1.1 1.2 Nguyễn (2014).
  2. 2.0 2.1 Nguyễn et al. (2009).
  3. 3.0 3.1 3.2 Trần (2004).
  4. 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hồ (1976).
  5. 5.0 5.1 Bonet (1899).
  6. 6.0 6.1 6.2 Génibrel (1898).
  7. 7.0 7.1 Taberd & Pigneau de Béhaine (1838).