ἀτέμβω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Uncertain.

  • Perhaps connected with Sanskrit दभ्नोति (dabhnoti, “to injure, destroy”) and derived from *dʰembʰ-, a nasalized form of the root Proto-Indo-European *dʰebʰ-. The same nasalization is perhaps attested in Sanskrit terms such as दम्भयति (dambhayati). Beekes, however, is cautious, arguing that aspiration is not lost after a nasal in Greek.[1] It has also been suggested that the term may derive from a non-Greek yet still Indo-European substrate, thereby still allowing for a connection with the aforementioned root.[2]
  • Alternatively, the linguist Roman Garnier suggests that the term instead derives from *temh₁- (“to cut”). According to Garnier, an adjective *ἄ-τεμ-ρος (*á-tem-ros) emerged, which then perhaps underwent the epenthesis of -β- (-b-) in the cluster *-μρ- (*-mr-). The new term, *ἄτεμβρος (*átembros, “deprived of”), would then possibly have formed Homeric ἀτεμβόμενος (atembómenos) according to the pattern of ἐχθόμενος (ekhthómenos) and ἐχθρός (ekhthrós). Finally, the verb ἀτέμβω (atémbō) developed as a back-formation to the participle.[3]

Pronunciation

 

Verb

ἀτέμβω • (atémbō)

  1. to maltreat, afflict
    Synonym: αἰκῐ́ζω (aikĭ́zō)
  2. (passive voice) to be bereft or cheated of a thing

Inflection

   Present: ἀτέμβω, ἀτέμβομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἀτέμβω ἀτέμβεις ἀτέμβει ἀτέμβετον ἀτέμβετον ἀτέμβομεν ἀτέμβετε ἀτέμβουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἀτέμβω ἀτέμβῃς ἀτέμβῃ ἀτέμβητον ἀτέμβητον ἀτέμβωμεν ἀτέμβητε ἀτέμβωσῐ(ν)
optative ἀτέμβοιμῐ ἀτέμβοις ἀτέμβοι ἀτέμβοιτον ἀτεμβοίτην ἀτέμβοιμεν ἀτέμβοιτε ἀτέμβοιεν
imperative   ἄτεμβε ἀτεμβέτω ἀτέμβετον ἀτεμβέτων   ἀτέμβετε ἀτεμβόντων
middle/passive indicative ἀτέμβομαι ἀτέμβῃ,
ἀτέμβει 		ἀτέμβεται ἀτέμβεσθον ἀτέμβεσθον ἀτεμβόμεθᾰ ἀτέμβεσθε ἀτέμβονται
subjunctive ἀτέμβωμαι ἀτέμβῃ ἀτέμβηται ἀτέμβησθον ἀτέμβησθον ἀτεμβώμεθᾰ ἀτέμβησθε ἀτέμβωνται
optative ἀτεμβοίμην ἀτέμβοιο ἀτέμβοιτο ἀτέμβοισθον ἀτεμβοίσθην ἀτεμβοίμεθᾰ ἀτέμβοισθε ἀτέμβοιντο
imperative   ἀτέμβου ἀτεμβέσθω ἀτέμβεσθον ἀτεμβέσθων   ἀτέμβεσθε ἀτεμβέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἀτέμβειν ἀτέμβεσθαι
participle m ἀτέμβων ἀτεμβόμενος
f ἀτέμβουσᾰ ἀτεμβομένη
n ἀτέμβον ἀτεμβόμενον
Notes:
This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Derived terms

  • ἀτέμβῐος (atémbĭos)

References

  1. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀτέμβω”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 162
  2. ^ Mihaylova, Bilyana (2016), “The Pre-Greek Substratum Revisited”, in Hansen, Bjarne Simmelkjær Sandgaard, Whitehead, Benedicte Nielsen, Olander, Thomas, Olsen, Birgit Anette, editors, Etymology and the European Lexicon (Proceedings of the 14th Fachtagung der Indogermanischen Gesellschaft, 17–22 September 2012, Copenhagen)‎[1][2], Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, page 80
  3. ^ Garnier, Roman (22 August 2025), “Greek Verbs in -βω: A Survey”, in Jesús de la Villa, Araceli Striano, and Rodrigo Verano, editors, Advances in Ancient Greek Linguistics‎[3], De Gruyter, →DOI, →ISBN, pages 89-90

Further reading

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