दम्भयति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

দম্ভয়তি (Assamese script)
ᬤᬫ᭄ᬪᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
দম্ভয়তি (Bengali script)
𑰟𑰦𑰿𑰥𑰧𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀤𑀫𑁆𑀪𑀬𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဒမ္ဘယတိ (Burmese script)
દમ્ભયતિ (Gujarati script)
ਦਮ੍ਭਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌦𑌮𑍍𑌭𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦢꦩ꧀ꦨꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂠𑂧𑂹𑂦𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ದಮ್ಭಯತಿ (Kannada script)
ទម្ភយតិ (Khmer script)
ທມ຺ຠຍຕິ (Lao script)
ദമ്ഭയതി (Malayalam script)
ᡩᠠᠮᢨᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘟𑘦𑘿𑘥𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᢑᠠᠮᠪᠾᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦿𑧆𑧠𑧅𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐡𑐩𑑂𑐨𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଦମ୍ଭଯତି (Odia script)
ꢣꢪ꣄ꢩꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆢𑆩𑇀𑆨𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖟𑖦𑖿𑖥𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
දම‍්භයති (Sinhalese script)
𑩭𑩴 𑪙𑩳𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚛𑚢𑚶𑚡𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
த³ம்ப⁴யதி (Tamil script)
దమ్భయతి (Telugu script)
ทมฺภยติ (Thai script)
ད་མྦྷ་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒠𑒧𑓂𑒦𑒨𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨛𑨢𑩇𑨡𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

By surface analysis, दम्भ् (dambh) +‎ -अयति (-ayati). The LIV suggests, albeit tentatively, a derivation from Proto-Indo-European *dʰombʰ-éye-ti, from *dʰembʰ-,^[1] possibly a nasalized form of *dʰebʰ-. According to the philologist Stanley Insler, it is possible that the term was formed to द॒भ्र (dabhrá) according to the model of Sanskrit र॒न्धय॑ति (randháyati) and र॒ध्र (radhrá).^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /dɐm.bʱɐ́.jɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d̪ɐm.bʱɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

द॒म्भय॑ति • (dambháyati) third-singular indicative (class 10, causative, root दम्भ्)

to abase, degrade; make small, ineffective
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.54.6d:
  त्वं पुरो॑ नव॒तिं द॑म्भयो॒ नव॑
  tváṃ púro navatíṃ dambhayo náva
  Translation by Stanley Insler
  Thou didst abase the 99 fortress-walls (of Śambara)

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: द॒म्भयि॑तुम् (dambháyitum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	द॒म्भयि॑तुम् dambháyitum
Gerund	द॒म्भ॒यि॒त्वा dambhayitvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	द॒म्भ॒यि॒त॒व्य॑ / द॒म्भ॒नीय॑ dambhayitavyà / dambhanī́ya
Feminine Gerundive	द॒म्भ॒यि॒त॒व्या॑ / द॒म्भ॒नीया॑ dambhayitavyā̀ / dambhanī́yā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	द॒म्भि॒त dambhitá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	द॒म्भि॒ता dambhitā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	द॒म्भि॒तव॑त् dambhitávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	द॒म्भि॒तव॑ती dambhitávatī

Present: द॒म्भय॑ति (dambháyati), द॒म्भय॑ते (dambháyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	द॒म्भय॑ति dambháyati	द॒म्भय॑तः dambháyataḥ	द॒म्भय॑न्ति dambháyanti	द॒म्भय॑ते dambháyate	द॒म्भये॑ते dambháyete	द॒म्भय॑न्ते dambháyante
Second	द॒म्भय॑सि dambháyasi	द॒म्भय॑थः dambháyathaḥ	द॒म्भय॑थ dambháyatha	द॒म्भय॑से dambháyase	द॒म्भये॑थे dambháyethe	द॒म्भय॑ध्वे dambháyadhve
First	द॒म्भया॑मि dambháyāmi	द॒म्भया॑वः dambháyāvaḥ	द॒म्भया॑मः / द॒म्भया॑मसि¹ dambháyāmaḥ / dambháyāmasi¹	द॒म्भये॑ dambháye	द॒म्भया॑वहे dambháyāvahe	द॒म्भया॑महे dambháyāmahe
Imperative
Third	द॒म्भय॑तु dambháyatu	द॒म्भय॑ताम् dambháyatām	द॒म्भय॑न्तु dambháyantu	द॒म्भय॑ताम् dambháyatām	द॒म्भये॑ताम् dambháyetām	द॒म्भय॑न्ताम् dambháyantām
Second	द॒म्भय॑ dambháya	द॒म्भय॑तम् dambháyatam	द॒म्भय॑त dambháyata	द॒म्भय॑स्व dambháyasva	द॒म्भये॑थाम् dambháyethām	द॒म्भय॑ध्वम् dambháyadhvam
First	द॒म्भया॑नि dambháyāni	द॒म्भया॑व dambháyāva	द॒म्भया॑म dambháyāma	द॒म्भयै॑ dambháyai	द॒म्भया॑वहै dambháyāvahai	द॒म्भया॑महै dambháyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	द॒म्भये॑त् dambháyet	द॒म्भये॑ताम् dambháyetām	द॒म्भये॑युः dambháyeyuḥ	द॒म्भये॑त dambháyeta	द॒म्भये॑याताम् dambháyeyātām	द॒म्भये॑रन् dambháyeran
Second	द॒म्भयेः॑ dambháyeḥ	द॒म्भये॑तम् dambháyetam	द॒म्भये॑त dambháyeta	द॒म्भये॑थाः dambháyethāḥ	द॒म्भये॑याथाम् dambháyeyāthām	द॒म्भये॑ध्वम् dambháyedhvam
First	द॒म्भये॑यम् dambháyeyam	द॒म्भये॑व dambháyeva	द॒म्भये॑म dambháyema	द॒म्भये॑य dambháyeya	द॒म्भये॑वहि dambháyevahi	द॒म्भये॑महि dambháyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	द॒म्भया॑त् / द॒म्भया॑ति dambháyāt / dambháyāti	द॒म्भया॑तः dambháyātaḥ	द॒म्भया॑न् dambháyān	द॒म्भया॑ते / द॒म्भया॑तै dambháyāte / dambháyātai	द॒म्भयै॑ते dambháyaite	द॒म्भय॑न्त / द॒म्भया॑न्तै dambháyanta / dambháyāntai
Second	द॒म्भयाः॑ / द॒म्भया॑सि dambháyāḥ / dambháyāsi	द॒म्भया॑थः dambháyāthaḥ	द॒म्भया॑थ dambháyātha	द॒म्भया॑से / द॒म्भया॑सै dambháyāse / dambháyāsai	द॒म्भयै॑थे dambháyaithe	द॒म्भया॑ध्वै dambháyādhvai
First	द॒म्भया॑नि dambháyāni	द॒म्भया॑व dambháyāva	द॒म्भया॑म dambháyāma	द॒म्भयै॑ dambháyai	द॒म्भया॑वहै dambháyāvahai	द॒म्भया॑महै dambháyāmahai
Participles
	द॒म्भय॑त् dambháyat			द॒म्भय॑मान / दम्भयान² dambháyamāna / dambhayāna²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Imperfect: अद॑म्भयत् (ádambhayat), अद॑म्भयत (ádambhayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अद॑म्भयत् ádambhayat	अद॑म्भयताम् ádambhayatām	अद॑म्भयन् ádambhayan	अद॑म्भयत ádambhayata	अद॑म्भयेताम् ádambhayetām	अद॑म्भयन्त ádambhayanta
Second	अद॑म्भयः ádambhayaḥ	अद॑म्भयतम् ádambhayatam	अद॑म्भयत ádambhayata	अद॑म्भयथाः ádambhayathāḥ	अद॑म्भयेथाम् ádambhayethām	अद॑म्भयध्वम् ádambhayadhvam
First	अद॑म्भयम् ádambhayam	अद॑म्भयाव ádambhayāva	अद॑म्भयाम ádambhayāma	अद॑म्भये ádambhaye	अद॑म्भयावहि ádambhayāvahi	अद॑म्भयामहि ádambhayāmahi

Future: द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यति॑ (dambhayiṣyáti), द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यते॑ (dambhayiṣyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यति॑ dambhayiṣyáti	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यतः॑ dambhayiṣyátaḥ	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यन्ति॑ dambhayiṣyánti	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यते॑ dambhayiṣyáte	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्येते॑ dambhayiṣyéte	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यन्ते॑ dambhayiṣyánte
Second	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यसि॑ dambhayiṣyási	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यथः॑ dambhayiṣyáthaḥ	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यथ॑ dambhayiṣyátha	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यसे॑ dambhayiṣyáse	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्येथे॑ dambhayiṣyéthe	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यध्वे॑ dambhayiṣyádhve
First	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यामि॑ dambhayiṣyā́mi	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यावः॑ dambhayiṣyā́vaḥ	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यामः॑ / द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्याम॑सि¹ dambhayiṣyā́maḥ / dambhayiṣyā́masi¹	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्ये dambhayiṣyé	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्याव॑हे dambhayiṣyā́vahe	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्याम॑हे dambhayiṣyā́mahe
Participles
	द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यत् dambhayiṣyát			द॒म्भ॒यि॒ष्यमा॑ण dambhayiṣyámāṇa
Notes	¹Vedic

Conditional: अद॑म्भयिष्यत् (ádambhayiṣyat), अद॑म्भयिष्यत (ádambhayiṣyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अद॑म्भयिष्यत् ádambhayiṣyat	अद॑म्भयिष्यताम् ádambhayiṣyatām	अद॑म्भयिष्यन् ádambhayiṣyan	अद॑म्भयिष्यत ádambhayiṣyata	अद॑म्भयिष्येताम् ádambhayiṣyetām	अद॑म्भयिष्यन्त ádambhayiṣyanta
Second	अद॑म्भयिष्यः ádambhayiṣyaḥ	अद॑म्भयिष्यतम् ádambhayiṣyatam	अद॑म्भयिष्यत ádambhayiṣyata	अद॑म्भयिष्यथाः ádambhayiṣyathāḥ	अद॑म्भयिष्येथाम् ádambhayiṣyethām	अद॑म्भयिष्यध्वम् ádambhayiṣyadhvam
First	अद॑म्भयिष्यम् ádambhayiṣyam	अद॑म्भयिष्याव ádambhayiṣyāva	अद॑म्भयिष्याम ádambhayiṣyāma	अद॑म्भयिष्ये ádambhayiṣye	अद॑म्भयिष्यावहि ádambhayiṣyāvahi	अद॑म्भयिष्यामहि ádambhayiṣyāmahi

Benedictive/Precative: द॒म्भ्यात् (dambhyā́t) or द॒म्भ्याः (dambhyā́ḥ), द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट (dambhayiṣīṣṭá)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	द॒म्भ्यात् / द॒म्भ्याः¹ dambhyā́t / dambhyā́ḥ¹	द॒म्भ्यास्ता॑म् dambhyā́stām	द॒म्भ्यासुः॑ dambhyā́suḥ	द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट dambhayiṣīṣṭá	द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒यास्ता॑म्² dambhayiṣīyā́stām²	द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒रन् dambhayiṣīrán
Second	द॒म्भ्याः dambhyā́ḥ	द॒म्भ्यास्त॑म् dambhyā́stam	द॒म्भ्यास्त॑ dambhyā́sta	द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒ष्ठाः dambhayiṣīṣṭhā́ḥ	द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒यास्था॑म्² dambhayiṣīyā́sthām²	द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒ढ्वम् dambhayiṣīḍhvám
First	द॒म्भ्यास॑म् dambhyā́sam	द॒म्भ्यास्व॑ dambhyā́sva	द॒म्भ्यास्म॑ dambhyā́sma	द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒य dambhayiṣīyá	द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒वहि॑ dambhayiṣīváhi	द॒म्भ॒यि॒षी॒महि॑ dambhayiṣīmáhi
Notes	¹Vedic ²Uncertain

Perfect: द॒म्भ॒यामास॑ (dambhayā́mā́sa) or द॒म्भ॒यांच॒कार॑ (dambhayā́ṃcakā́ra), द॒म्भ॒यांच॒क्रे (dambhayā́ṃcakré)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	द॒म्भ॒यामास॑ / द॒म्भ॒यांच॒कार॑ dambhayā́mā́sa / dambhayā́ṃcakā́ra	द॒म्भ॒यामा॒सतुः॑ / द॒म्भ॒यांच॒क्रतुः॑ dambhayā́māsátuḥ / dambhayā́ṃcakrátuḥ	द॒म्भ॒यामा॒सुः / द॒म्भ॒यांच॒क्रुः dambhayā́māsúḥ / dambhayā́ṃcakrúḥ	द॒म्भ॒यांच॒क्रे dambhayā́ṃcakré	द॒म्भ॒यांच॒क्राते॑ dambhayā́ṃcakrā́te	द॒म्भ॒यांच॑क्रि॒रे dambhayā́ṃcakriré
Second	द॒म्भ॒यामासि॑थ / द॒म्भ॒यांच॒कर्थ॑ dambhayā́mā́sitha / dambhayā́ṃcakártha	द॒म्भ॒यामा॒सथुः॑ / द॒म्भ॒यांच॒क्रथुः॑ dambhayā́māsáthuḥ / dambhayā́ṃcakráthuḥ	द॒म्भ॒यामा॒स / द॒म्भ॒यांच॒क्र dambhayā́māsá / dambhayā́ṃcakrá	द॒म्भ॒यांच॑कृ॒षे dambhayā́ṃcakṛṣé	द॒म्भ॒यांच॒क्राथे॑ dambhayā́ṃcakrā́the	द॒म्भ॒यांच॑कृ॒ध्वे dambhayā́ṃcakṛdhvé
First	द॒म्भ॒यामास॑ / द॒म्भ॒यांच॒कर॑ dambhayā́mā́sa / dambhayā́ṃcakára	द॒म्भ॒यामा॑सि॒व / द॒म्भ॒यांच॑कृ॒व dambhayā́māsivá / dambhayā́ṃcakṛvá	द॒म्भ॒यामा॑सि॒म / द॒म्भ॒यांच॑कृ॒म dambhayā́māsimá / dambhayā́ṃcakṛmá	द॒म्भ॒यांच॒क्रे dambhayā́ṃcakré	द॒म्भ॒यांच॑कृ॒वहे॑ dambhayā́ṃcakṛváhe	द॒म्भ॒यांच॑कृ॒महे॑ dambhayā́ṃcakṛmáhe
Participles
	द॒म्भ॒यामा॑सि॒वांस् / द॒म्भ॒यांच॑कृ॒वांस् dambhayā́māsivā́ṃs / dambhayā́ṃcakṛvā́ṃs			द॒म्भ॒यांच॑क्रा॒ण dambhayā́ṃcakrāṇá

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?3. *dʰembʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 144
^ Insler, Stanley (1969), “Vedic dambháyati”, in Indogermanische Forschungen (1969)‎^[1], volume 74, number 1969, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 11–31

Monier Williams (1899), “दभ्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 469/2.
William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 70

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “dambháyati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 353
Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1898–1899), “dhambáyati”, in Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der altindischen Sprache (in German), Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, page 121

[1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?3. *dʰembʰ-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 144

[2] Insler, Stanley (1969), “Vedic dambháyati”, in Indogermanische Forschungen (1969)‎^[1], volume 74, number 1969, →DOI, →ISSN, pages 11–31

[1]

[2]