स्वर्
See also: स्वर
Sanskrit
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- স্বৰ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬲ᭄ᬯᬃ (Balinese script)
- স্বর্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰭𑰿𑰪𑰨𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀲𑁆𑀯𑀭𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- သွရ် (Burmese script)
- સ્વર્ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ੍ਵਰ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌸𑍍𑌵𑌰𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦱ꧀ꦮꦂ (Javanese script)
- 𑂮𑂹𑂫𑂩𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಸ್ವರ್ (Kannada script)
- ស្វរ៑ (Khmer script)
- ສ຺ວຣ຺ (Lao script)
- സ്വര് (Malayalam script)
- ᠰᠣᠸᠠᡵ (Manchu script)
- 𑘭𑘿𑘪𑘨𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠰᢦᠷ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧍𑧠𑧊𑧈𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐳𑑂𑐰𑐬𑑂 (Newa script)
- ସ୍ଵର୍ (Odia script)
- ꢱ꣄ꢮꢬ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆱𑇀𑆮𑆫𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖭𑖿𑖪𑖨𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ස්වර් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑪁 𑪙𑩾𑩼 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚨𑚶𑚦𑚤𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஸ்வர் (Tamil script)
- స్వర్ (Telugu script)
- สฺวรฺ (Thai script)
- སྭ་ར྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒮𑓂𑒫𑒩𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨰𑩇𑨭𑨫𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology 1
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *súHar (“sun”), from Proto-Indo-European *sóh₂wl̥ (“sun”).[1] Cognate with Avestan 𐬵𐬎𐬎𐬀𐬭 (huuar), Ancient Greek ἥλιος (hḗlios), Latin sōl, Persian خور (xvar), English sun. Doublet of हेलि (heli).
Alternative forms
- सुवर् (súvar) (in Yajurveda)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sú.ʋɐɾ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪ʋɐɾ/
Noun
स्व॑र् • (svàr) stem, n
- the sun
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 5.14.4:
- अ॒ग्निर्जा॒तो अ॑रोचत॒ घ्नन्दस्यू॒ञ्ज्योति॑षा॒ तमः॑ ।
अवि॑न्द॒द्गा अ॒पः स्वः॑ ॥- agnírjātó arocata ghnándásyūñjyótiṣā támaḥ.
ávindadgā́ apáḥ svàḥ.
- 1896 translation by Ralph T. H. Griffith
- Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the dark:
He found the Kine, the Floods, the Sun.
- Agni shone bright when born, with light killing the Dasyus and the dark:
- agnírjātó arocata ghnándásyūñjyótiṣā támaḥ.
- अ॒ग्निर्जा॒तो अ॑रोचत॒ घ्नन्दस्यू॒ञ्ज्योति॑षा॒ तमः॑ ।
- sunshine, light
- sky, heaven
- space between the sun and the polar star, as the third of the व्याहृति (vyāhṛti, “names of the upper worlds used as mystical utterance”)
Declension
| singular | |
|---|---|
| nominative | स्वः (svaḥ) |
| accusative | स्वः (svaḥ) |
| instrumental | स्वरा (svarā) |
| dative | सू॒रे (sūré) |
| ablative | स्वः॑ (svàḥ) |
| genitive | सूरः॑ (sū́raḥ) |
| locative | स्वः॑ (svàḥ) |
| vocative | स्वः (svaḥ) |
स्वर् (svàr) is indeclinable in later Sanskrit.
Derived terms
- स्वरतिक्रम (svaratikrama, “stepping beyond heaven”)
- स्वरधीत (svaradhīta, “reaching heaven”)
- स्वरापगा (svarāpagā, “river of heaven, the Ganges”)
- स्वर्ग (svargá, “heaven”)
- स्वर्गत (svargata, “being in heaven; gone to heaven; dead”)
- स्वर्गमन (svargamana, “going to heaven; death”)
- स्वर्वत् (svàrvat, “bright, shining, celestial”)
- स्वर्वैद्य (svarvaidya, “physician of heaven; either of the two Aśvins”)
Related terms
Proper noun
स्वर् • (svar) stem, m
- a name of Shiva
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “svàr-”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 793
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “स्वर्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1281, column 1.
Etymology 2
From Proto-Indo-European *swer- (“to resound; whistle; shout loudly; swear”).[1] Cognate with Proto-Slavic *svãrъ (“quarrel, strife, trouble”); Latin sermō; English swear, (an)swer.
Alternative forms
- स्वृ (svṛ)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /sʋɐɾ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /s̪ʋɐɾ/
Root
स्वर् • (svar)
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- स्वर॑ति (svárati, present)
- स्वरिष्यति (svariṣyati, future)
- स्वर्ता (svartā, periphrastic future)
- स्वरिता (svaritā, periphrastic future)
- अस्वा॑र् (ásvār, aorist)
- अस्वा॑रीत् (ásvārīt, aorist)
- सस्वार (sasvāra, perfect)
Secondary forms
- स्व॒रय॑ति (svaráyati, causative)
- असिस्वरत् (asisvarat, causative aorist)
- स्वर्यते (svaryate, passive of causative)
- सिस्वरिषति (sisvariṣati, desiderative)
- सास्वर्ति (sāsvarti, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- स्वरितोस् (svaritos, infinitive)
- स्वार्य (svārya, gerundive)
Derived nominal forms
Prefixed root forms
- अतिस्वर् (atisvar)
- अनुस्वर् (anusvar)
- अभिस्वर् (abhisvar)
- निःस्वर् (niḥsvar)
- संस्वर् (saṃsvar)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root स्वर् (0 c, 6 e)
Category Terms derived from the Sanskrit root स्वर् not found
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “SVAR”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 792
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “स्वृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1285, column 1.
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 201
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “स्वर्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “स्वर्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 353
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 613
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), “1. su̯er-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume III, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1049