शुच्
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- शोच् (śoc)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- শুচ্ (Assamese script)
- ᬰᬸᬘ᭄ (Balinese script)
- শুচ্ (Bengali script)
- 𑰫𑰲𑰓𑰿 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀰𑀼𑀘𑁆 (Brahmi script)
- ၐုစ် (Burmese script)
- શુચ્ (Gujarati script)
- ਸ਼ੁਚ੍ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌶𑍁𑌚𑍍 (Grantha script)
- ꦯꦸꦕ꧀ (Javanese script)
- 𑂬𑂳𑂒𑂹 (Kaithi script)
- ಶುಚ್ (Kannada script)
- ឝុច៑ (Khmer script)
- ຨຸຈ຺ (Lao script)
- ശുച് (Malayalam script)
- ᡧᡠᢜ (Manchu script)
- 𑘫𑘳𑘓𑘿 (Modi script)
- ᠱᠤᢋ (Mongolian script)
- 𑧋𑧔𑦳𑧠 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐱𑐸𑐔𑑂 (Newa script)
- ଶୁଚ୍ (Odia script)
- ꢯꢸꢗ꣄ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆯𑆶𑆖𑇀 (Sharada script)
- 𑖫𑖲𑖓𑖿 (Siddham script)
- ශුච් (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩿𑩒𑩡 𑪙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚧𑚰𑚏𑚶 (Takri script)
- ஶுச் (Tamil script)
- శుచ్ (Telugu script)
- ศุจฺ (Thai script)
- ཤུ་ཙ྄ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒬𑒳𑒔𑓂 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨮𑨃𑨣𑨴 (Zanabazar Square script)
Etymology
From Proto-Indo-Iranian *ćawk- (“shines, glares, gleams”), ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *ḱewk- (“to shine, to be white”). Cognate with Classical Persian سوگ (sōg, “grief, sorrow”) (further related to سوختن (sōxtan, “to burn”), سرخ (surx, “red”), and سوگند (sawgand, “oath”)), Gilaki سوتن (sutən), Talysh سوته (sute), Baluchi سوچگ (sóčag), Mazanderani بسوتن (basuten), Central Kurdish سوتان (sutan), Old Armenian սուգ (sug, “grief”), and Proto-Baltic *šuktas (“lit, ignited”). See शुक्र (śukrá, “bright, clear”) for more cognates.[1][2] (This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Mayrhofer mentions a Baltic *šuktas, though what are its modern descendants, if they exist?”)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɕút͡ɕ/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɕut͡ɕ/
Noun
शुच् • (śúc) stem, f
- flame, glow, heat
- brightness, luster
- (also plural) pain, sorrow, grief, or regret for (comp.)
- (plural) tears
Declension
| singular | dual | plural | |
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | शुक् (śúk) | शुचौ॑ (śúcau) शुचा॑¹ (śúcā¹) |
शुचः॑ (śúcaḥ) |
| accusative | शुच॑म् (śúcam) | शुचौ॑ (śúcau) शुचा॑¹ (śúcā¹) |
शुचः॑ (śúcaḥ) |
| instrumental | शु॒चा (śucā́) | शु॒ग्भ्याम् (śugbhyā́m) | शु॒ग्भिः (śugbhíḥ) |
| dative | शु॒चे (śucé) | शु॒ग्भ्याम् (śugbhyā́m) | शु॒ग्भ्यः (śugbhyáḥ) |
| ablative | शु॒चः (śucáḥ) | शु॒ग्भ्याम् (śugbhyā́m) | शु॒ग्भ्यः (śugbhyáḥ) |
| genitive | शु॒चः (śucáḥ) | शु॒चोः (śucóḥ) | शु॒चाम् (śucā́m) |
| locative | शु॒चि (śucí) | शु॒चोः (śucóḥ) | शु॒क्षु (śukṣú) |
| vocative | शुक् (śúk) | शुचौ॑ (śúcau) शुचा॑¹ (śúcā¹) |
शुचः॑ (śúcaḥ) |
- ¹Vedic
Adjective
शुच् • (śúc) stem
Root
शुच् • (śuc)
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
Secondary forms
- अशो॑चि (áśoci, passive aorist)
- शो॒चय॑ति (śocáyati, causative)
- अशू॑शुचत् (áśūśucat, causative aorist)
- शोच्यते (śocyate, passive of causative)
- शुशुचिषति (śuśuciṣati, desiderative)
- शुशोचिषति (śuśociṣati, desiderative)
- शुशुक्षति (śuśukṣati, desiderative)
- शोशुच्यति (śośucyati, intensive)
- शोशोक्ति (śośokti, intensive)
Non-finite forms
- शोचितुम् (śocitum, infinitive)
- शोक्तुम् (śoktum, infinitive)
- शु॒चध्यै॑ (śucádhyai, infinitive)
- शोचित्वा (śocitvā, gerund)
- शोच्य (śocya, gerundive)
- शोचितव्य (śocitavya, gerundive)
- शोचनीय (śocanīya, gerundive)
Derived nominal forms
- शुच् (śúc)
- शु॒च (śucá)
- शुचि॑ (śúci)
- शुचिस् (śucis)
- शुक (śuka)
- शुक्ति (śukti)
- शु॒क्र (śukrá)
- शु॒क्ल (śuklá)
- शुक्व॑न् (śúkvan)
- शोच (śoca)
- शोचिन् (śocin)
- शोक (śoka)
- शोचन (śocana)
- शोचस् (śocas)
- शो॒चिस् (śocís)
- शोचि॑ष्ठ (śóciṣṭha)
- शु॒शु॒क्व॒न (śuśukvaná)
- शु॒शु॒क्वनि॑ (śuśukváni)
- शु॒शु॒क्षणि॑ (śuśukṣáṇi)
- शोचयिष्णु (śocayiṣṇu)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root शुच् (0 c, 12 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root शुच् (6 c, 0 e)
References
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “ŚOC”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 655
- ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), “śócati”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 377
Further reading
- Monier Williams (1899), “शुच्”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1081, column 1.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “शुच्”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press
- William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 174
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “शुच्”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 328
- Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?1.*k̑eu̯k-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 331
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 597