वृणोति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৱৃণোতি (Assamese script)
ᬯᬺᬡᭀᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
বৃণোতি (Bengali script)
𑰪𑰴𑰜𑰺𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀯𑀾𑀡𑁄𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဝၖဏောတိ (Burmese script)
વૃણોતિ (Gujarati script)
ਵ੍ਰਣੋਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌵𑍃𑌣𑍋𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦮꦽꦟꦺꦴꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂫𑃂𑂝𑂷𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ವೃಣೋತಿ (Kannada script)
វ្ឫណោតិ (Khmer script)
ວ຺ຣິໂຓຕິ (Lao script)
വൃണോതി (Malayalam script)
ᠸᡵᡳᢏᠣᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘪𑘵𑘜𑘻𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠸᠷᠢᢏᠣᠸᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑧊𑧖𑦼𑧜𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐰𑐺𑐞𑑀𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଵୃଣୋତି (Odia script)
ꢮꢺꢠꣂꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆮𑆸𑆟𑆾𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖪𑖴𑖜𑖺𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
වෘණොති (Sinhalese script)
𑩾𑩙𑩪𑩕𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚦𑚘𑚴𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
வ்ரிணோதி (Tamil script)
వృణోతి (Telugu script)
วฺฤโณติ (Thai script)
ཝྲྀ་ཎོ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒫𑒵𑒝𑒼𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨭𑨼𑨉𑨘𑨆𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩.ɳɐ́w.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ʋr̩.ɳoː.t̪i/

Etymology 1

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *wr̥náwti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *wr̥náwti. Further etymology uncertain.^[1] It is possibly a merger of verbs from three Proto-Indo-European roots: *h₂wer- (“to enclose”), *wel- (“to enclose”), and *wer- (“to guard”).^[2]

Verb

वृ॒णोति॑ • (vṛṇóti) third-singular indicative (class 5, type P, root वृ)^[3]

to cover, screen, veil, conceal, hide, envelop, obstruct
to ward off, check, keep back, prevent hinder, restrain

Conjugation

Present: वृ॒णोति॑ (vṛṇóti), वृ॒णु॒ते (vṛṇuté)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	वृ॒णोति॑ vṛṇóti	वृ॒णु॒तः vṛṇutáḥ	वृ॒ण्वन्ति॑ vṛṇvánti	वृ॒णु॒ते vṛṇuté	वृ॒ण्वाते॑ vṛṇvā́te	वृ॒ण्वते॑ vṛṇváte
Second	वृ॒णोषि॑ vṛṇóṣi	वृ॒णु॒थः vṛṇutháḥ	वृ॒णु॒थ vṛṇuthá	वृ॒णु॒षे vṛṇuṣé	वृ॒ण्वाथे॑ vṛṇvā́the	वृ॒णु॒ध्वे vṛṇudhvé
First	वृ॒णोमि॑ vṛṇómi	वृ॒ण्वः / वृ॒णु॒वः vṛṇváḥ / vṛṇuváḥ	वृ॒ण्मः / वृ॒ण्मसि॑¹ / वृ॒णु॒मः / वृ॒णु॒मसि॑¹ vṛṇmáḥ / vṛṇmási¹ / vṛṇumáḥ / vṛṇumási¹	वृ॒ण्वे vṛṇvé	वृ॒ण्वहे॑ / वृ॒णु॒वहे॑ vṛṇváhe / vṛṇuváhe	वृ॒ण्महे॑ / वृ॒णु॒महे॑ vṛṇmáhe / vṛṇumáhe
Imperative
Third	वृ॒णोतु॑ vṛṇótu	वृ॒णु॒ताम् vṛṇutā́m	वृ॒ण्वन्तु॑ vṛṇvántu	वृ॒णु॒ताम् vṛṇutā́m	वृ॒ण्वाता॑म् vṛṇvā́tām	वृ॒ण्वता॑म् vṛṇvátām
Second	वृ॒णु / वृ॒णु॒हि¹ vṛṇú / vṛṇuhí¹	वृ॒णु॒तम् vṛṇutám	वृ॒णु॒त vṛṇutá	वृ॒णु॒ष्व vṛṇuṣvá	वृ॒ण्वाथा॑म् vṛṇvā́thām	वृ॒णु॒ध्वम् vṛṇudhvám
First	वृ॒णवा॑नि vṛṇávāni	वृ॒णवा॑व vṛṇávāva	वृ॒णवा॑म vṛṇávāma	वृ॒णवै॑ vṛṇávai	वृ॒णवा॑वहै vṛṇávāvahai	वृ॒णवा॑महै vṛṇávāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	वृ॒णु॒यात् vṛṇuyā́t	वृ॒णु॒याता॑म् vṛṇuyā́tām	वृ॒णु॒युः vṛṇuyúḥ	वृ॒ण्वी॒त vṛṇvītá	वृ॒ण्वी॒याता॑म् vṛṇvīyā́tām	वृ॒ण्वी॒रन् vṛṇvīrán
Second	वृ॒णु॒याः vṛṇuyā́ḥ	वृ॒णु॒यात॑म् vṛṇuyā́tam	वृ॒णु॒यात॑ vṛṇuyā́ta	वृ॒ण्वी॒थाः vṛṇvīthā́ḥ	वृ॒ण्वी॒याथा॑म् vṛṇvīyā́thām	वृ॒ण्वी॒ध्वम् vṛṇvīdhvám
First	वृ॒णु॒याम् vṛṇuyā́m	वृ॒णु॒याव॑ vṛṇuyā́va	वृ॒णु॒याम॑ vṛṇuyā́ma	वृ॒ण्वी॒य vṛṇvīyá	वृ॒ण्वी॒वहि॑ vṛṇvīváhi	वृ॒ण्वी॒महि॑ vṛṇvīmáhi
Subjunctive
Third	वृ॒णव॑त् / वृ॒णव॑ति vṛṇávat / vṛṇávati	वृ॒णव॑तः vṛṇávataḥ	वृ॒णव॑न् vṛṇávan	वृ॒णव॑ते / वृ॒णवा॑तै vṛṇávate / vṛṇávātai	वृ॒णवै॑ते vṛṇávaite	वृ॒णव॑न्त / वृ॒णवा॑न्तै vṛṇávanta / vṛṇávāntai
Second	वृ॒णवः॑ / वृ॒णव॑सि vṛṇávaḥ / vṛṇávasi	वृ॒णव॑थः vṛṇávathaḥ	वृ॒णव॑थ vṛṇávatha	वृ॒णव॑से / वृ॒णवा॑सै vṛṇávase / vṛṇávāsai	वृ॒णवै॑थे vṛṇávaithe	वृ॒णव॑ध्वे / वृ॒णवा॑ध्वै vṛṇávadhve / vṛṇávādhvai
First	वृ॒णवा॑नि / वृ॒णवा॑ vṛṇávāni / vṛṇávā	वृ॒णवा॑व vṛṇávāva	वृ॒णवा॑म vṛṇávāma	वृ॒णवै॑ vṛṇávai	वृ॒णवा॑वहै vṛṇávāvahai	वृ॒णवा॑महै vṛṇávāmahai
Participles
	वृ॒ण्वत् vṛṇvát			वृ॒ण्वा॒न vṛṇvāná
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अवृ॑णोत् (ávṛṇot), अवृ॑नुत (ávṛnuta)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अवृ॑णोत् ávṛṇot	अवृ॑नुताम् ávṛnutām	अवृ॑न्वन् ávṛnvan	अवृ॑नुत ávṛnuta	अवृ॑न्वाताम् ávṛnvātām	अवृ॑न्वत ávṛnvata
Second	अवृ॑णोः ávṛṇoḥ	अवृ॑नुतम् ávṛnutam	अवृ॑नुत ávṛnuta	अवृ॑नुथाः ávṛnuthāḥ	अवृ॑न्वाथाम् ávṛnvāthām	अवृ॑नुध्वम् ávṛnudhvam
First	अवृ॑णवम् ávṛṇavam	अवृ॑ण्व / अवृ॑नुव ávṛṇva / ávṛnuva	अवृ॑ण्म / अवृ॑नुम ávṛṇma / ávṛnuma	अवृ॑न्वि ávṛnvi	अवृ॑ण्वहि / अवृ॑नुवहि ávṛṇvahi / ávṛnuvahi	अवृ॑ण्महि / अवृ॑नुमहि ávṛṇmahi / ávṛnumahi

Descendants

Pali: varati

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VAR²”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 513: “die Zuweisung von iir. *var an idg. Vorstufen ist schwierig.”
^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 228: “Im Ved. ist *Hu̯er- mit l .*u̯el- 'einschließen' und 1 .*u̯er- 'aufhalten, wehren' zusammengefallen;”
^ Monier Williams (1899), “वृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1007, column 1.

Etymology 2

Post-Vedic alternative form of वृणीते (vṛṇīté).^[1]

Verb

वृ॒णोति॑ • (vṛṇóti) third-singular indicative (class 5, type P, root वृ)^[2]

to choose, select, choose for oneself, choose as or for
to choose in marriage, woo
to ask a person for or on behalf of
to solicit anything from
to ask or request that
to like better than, prefer to
to like, love (as opposed to 'hate')
to choose or pick out a person (for a boon), grant (a boon) to

Conjugation

Present: वृ॒णोति॑ (vṛṇóti), वृ॒णु॒ते (vṛṇuté)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	वृ॒णोति॑ vṛṇóti	वृ॒णु॒तः vṛṇutáḥ	वृ॒ण्वन्ति॑ vṛṇvánti	वृ॒णु॒ते vṛṇuté	वृ॒ण्वाते॑ vṛṇvā́te	वृ॒ण्वते॑ vṛṇváte
Second	वृ॒णोषि॑ vṛṇóṣi	वृ॒णु॒थः vṛṇutháḥ	वृ॒णु॒थ vṛṇuthá	वृ॒णु॒षे vṛṇuṣé	वृ॒ण्वाथे॑ vṛṇvā́the	वृ॒णु॒ध्वे vṛṇudhvé
First	वृ॒णोमि॑ vṛṇómi	वृ॒ण्वः / वृ॒णु॒वः vṛṇváḥ / vṛṇuváḥ	वृ॒ण्मः / वृ॒ण्मसि॑¹ / वृ॒णु॒मः / वृ॒णु॒मसि॑¹ vṛṇmáḥ / vṛṇmási¹ / vṛṇumáḥ / vṛṇumási¹	वृ॒ण्वे vṛṇvé	वृ॒ण्वहे॑ / वृ॒णु॒वहे॑ vṛṇváhe / vṛṇuváhe	वृ॒ण्महे॑ / वृ॒णु॒महे॑ vṛṇmáhe / vṛṇumáhe
Imperative
Third	वृ॒णोतु॑ vṛṇótu	वृ॒णु॒ताम् vṛṇutā́m	वृ॒ण्वन्तु॑ vṛṇvántu	वृ॒णु॒ताम् vṛṇutā́m	वृ॒ण्वाता॑म् vṛṇvā́tām	वृ॒ण्वता॑म् vṛṇvátām
Second	वृ॒णु / वृ॒णु॒हि¹ vṛṇú / vṛṇuhí¹	वृ॒णु॒तम् vṛṇutám	वृ॒णु॒त vṛṇutá	वृ॒णु॒ष्व vṛṇuṣvá	वृ॒ण्वाथा॑म् vṛṇvā́thām	वृ॒णु॒ध्वम् vṛṇudhvám
First	वृ॒णवा॑नि vṛṇávāni	वृ॒णवा॑व vṛṇávāva	वृ॒णवा॑म vṛṇávāma	वृ॒णवै॑ vṛṇávai	वृ॒णवा॑वहै vṛṇávāvahai	वृ॒णवा॑महै vṛṇávāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	वृ॒णु॒यात् vṛṇuyā́t	वृ॒णु॒याता॑म् vṛṇuyā́tām	वृ॒णु॒युः vṛṇuyúḥ	वृ॒ण्वी॒त vṛṇvītá	वृ॒ण्वी॒याता॑म् vṛṇvīyā́tām	वृ॒ण्वी॒रन् vṛṇvīrán
Second	वृ॒णु॒याः vṛṇuyā́ḥ	वृ॒णु॒यात॑म् vṛṇuyā́tam	वृ॒णु॒यात॑ vṛṇuyā́ta	वृ॒ण्वी॒थाः vṛṇvīthā́ḥ	वृ॒ण्वी॒याथा॑म् vṛṇvīyā́thām	वृ॒ण्वी॒ध्वम् vṛṇvīdhvám
First	वृ॒णु॒याम् vṛṇuyā́m	वृ॒णु॒याव॑ vṛṇuyā́va	वृ॒णु॒याम॑ vṛṇuyā́ma	वृ॒ण्वी॒य vṛṇvīyá	वृ॒ण्वी॒वहि॑ vṛṇvīváhi	वृ॒ण्वी॒महि॑ vṛṇvīmáhi
Subjunctive
Third	वृ॒णव॑त् / वृ॒णव॑ति vṛṇávat / vṛṇávati	वृ॒णव॑तः vṛṇávataḥ	वृ॒णव॑न् vṛṇávan	वृ॒णव॑ते / वृ॒णवा॑तै vṛṇávate / vṛṇávātai	वृ॒णवै॑ते vṛṇávaite	वृ॒णव॑न्त / वृ॒णवा॑न्तै vṛṇávanta / vṛṇávāntai
Second	वृ॒णवः॑ / वृ॒णव॑सि vṛṇávaḥ / vṛṇávasi	वृ॒णव॑थः vṛṇávathaḥ	वृ॒णव॑थ vṛṇávatha	वृ॒णव॑से / वृ॒णवा॑सै vṛṇávase / vṛṇávāsai	वृ॒णवै॑थे vṛṇávaithe	वृ॒णव॑ध्वे / वृ॒णवा॑ध्वै vṛṇávadhve / vṛṇávādhvai
First	वृ॒णवा॑नि / वृ॒णवा॑ vṛṇávāni / vṛṇávā	वृ॒णवा॑व vṛṇávāva	वृ॒णवा॑म vṛṇávāma	वृ॒णवै॑ vṛṇávai	वृ॒णवा॑वहै vṛṇávāvahai	वृ॒णवा॑महै vṛṇávāmahai
Participles
	वृ॒ण्वत् vṛṇvát			वृ॒ण्वा॒न vṛṇvāná
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अवृ॑णोत् (ávṛṇot), अवृ॑नुत (ávṛnuta)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अवृ॑णोत् ávṛṇot	अवृ॑नुताम् ávṛnutām	अवृ॑न्वन् ávṛnvan	अवृ॑नुत ávṛnuta	अवृ॑न्वाताम् ávṛnvātām	अवृ॑न्वत ávṛnvata
Second	अवृ॑णोः ávṛṇoḥ	अवृ॑नुतम् ávṛnutam	अवृ॑नुत ávṛnuta	अवृ॑नुथाः ávṛnuthāḥ	अवृ॑न्वाथाम् ávṛnvāthām	अवृ॑नुध्वम् ávṛnudhvam
First	अवृ॑णवम् ávṛṇavam	अवृ॑ण्व / अवृ॑नुव ávṛṇva / ávṛnuva	अवृ॑ण्म / अवृ॑नुम ávṛṇma / ávṛnuma	अवृ॑न्वि ávṛnvi	अवृ॑ण्वहि / अवृ॑नुवहि ávṛṇvahi / ávṛnuvahi	अवृ॑ण्महि / अवृ॑नुमहि ávṛṇmahi / ávṛnumahi

Descendants

Pali: varati

References

^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), “vṛṇā́ti”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 244-245
^ Monier Williams (1899), “वृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1007, column 3.

[1] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “VAR²”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 513: “die Zuweisung von iir. *var an idg. Vorstufen ist schwierig.”

[2] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 228: “Im Ved. ist *Hu̯er- mit l .*u̯el- 'einschließen' und 1 .*u̯er- 'aufhalten, wehren' zusammengefallen;”

[3] Monier Williams (1899), “वृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1007, column 1.

[4] Mayrhofer, Manfred (1976), “vṛṇā́ti”, in Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary]‎^[2] (in German), volume 3, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 244-245

[5] Monier Williams (1899), “वृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 1007, column 3.

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