रोग

See also: रग, रेग, रंग, राग, रोगी, and रोगो

Hindi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रोग (roga).

Pronunciation

(Standard Hindi) IPA^(key): /ɾoːɡ/
Rhymes: -oːɡ

Noun

रोग • (rog) m (Urdu spelling روگ)

sickness, disease, malady
उसे संक्रामक रोग लग गया है।
use saṅkrāmak rog lag gayā hai.
He has caught a contagious disease.

सबसे बड़ा रोग, क्या कहेंगे लोग
sabse baṛā rog, kyā kaheṅge log
The biggest disease: what will people say?

Declension

Declension of *रोग* (masc cons-stem)
	singular	plural
direct	रोग rog	रोग rog
oblique	रोग rog	रोगों rogõ
vocative	रोग rog	रोगो rogo

Synonyms

बीमारी (bīmārī)

References

Bahri, Hardev (1989), “रोग”, in Siksarthi Hindi-Angrejhi Sabdakosa [Learners' Hindi-English Dictionary], Delhi: Rajpal & Sons.
McGregor, Ronald Stuart (1993), “रोग”, in The Oxford Hindi-English Dictionary, London: Oxford University Press

Konkani

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रोग (roga).

Noun

रोग • (rōg) (Latin script rog, Kannada script ರೋಗ)

disease

Marathi

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रोग (roga).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /ɾoɡ/

Noun

रोग • (rog) m

disease, sickness, malady
Synonym: आजार (ājār)

इबोला हा संसर्गजन्य रोग आहे.
ibolā hā sausargajanya rog āhe.
Ebola is an infectious disease.

Declension

Declension of रोग (masc cons-stem)
direct singular	रोग rog
direct plural	रोग rog
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन
nominative प्रथमा	रोग rog	रोग rog
oblique सामान्यरूप	रोगा rogā	रोगां- rogān-
acc. / dative द्वितीया / चतुर्थी	रोगाला rogālā	रोगांना rogānnā
ergative	रोगाने, रोगानं rogāne, rogāna	रोगांनी rogānnī
instrumental	रोगाशी rogāśī	रोगांशी rogānśī
locative सप्तमी	रोगात rogāt	रोगांत rogāt
vocative संबोधन	रोगा rogā	रोगांनो rogānno
Oblique Note: The oblique case precedes all postpositions. There is no space between the stem and the postposition. Locative Note: -त (-ta) is a postposition.

Genitive declension of रोग (masc cons-stem)
	masculine object पुल्लिंगी कर्म		feminine object स्त्रीलिंगी कर्म		neuter object नपुसकलिंगी कर्म		oblique सामान्यरूप
	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	singular^* एकवचन	plural अनेकवचन	oblique सामान्यरूप
singular subject एकवचनी कर्ता	रोगाचा rogāċā	रोगाचे rogāċe	रोगाची rogācī	रोगाच्या rogācā	रोगाचे, रोगाचं rogāċe, rogāċa	रोगाची rogācī	रोगाच्या rogācā
plural subject अनेकवचनी कर्ता	रोगांचा rogānċā	रोगांचे rogānċe	रोगांची rogāñcī	रोगांच्या rogāncā	रोगांचे, रोगांचं rogānċe, rogānċa	रोगांची rogāñcī	रोगांच्या rogāñcā
^* Note: Word-final ए (e) in neuter words is alternatively written with the anusvara and pronounced as अ (a). Oblique Note: For most postpostions, the oblique genitive can be optionally inserted between the stem and the postposition.

Derived terms

रोगी (rogī, “patient”)
रोगट (rogaṭ, “sickly”)

References

Berntsen, Maxine (1982–1983), “रोग”, in A Basic Marathi-English Dictionary, New Delhi: American Institute of Indian Studies
Shridhar Ganesh Vaze (1911), “रोग”, in The Aryabhusan School Dictionary, Poona: Arya-Bhushan Press

Nepali

Etymology

Borrowed from Sanskrit रोग (roga).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [roɡ̞]
Phonetic Devanagari: रोग्

Noun

रोग • (rog)

disease, sickness, illness

Pali

Alternative scripts

roga (Latin script)
𑀭𑁄𑀕 (Brahmi script)
রোগ (Bengali script)
රොග (Sinhalese script)
ရောဂ or ရေႃၷ (Burmese script)
โรค or โรคะ (Thai script)
ᩁᩮᩣᨣ (Tai Tham script)
ໂຣຄ or ໂຣຄະ (Lao script)
រោគ (Khmer script)
𑄢𑄮𑄉 (Chakma script)

Noun

रोग m

Devanagari script form of roga

Declension

Declension table of "रोग" (masculine)

Case \ Number	Singular	Plural
Nominative (first)	रोगो (rogo)	रोगा (rogā)
Accusative (second)	रोगं (rogaṃ)	रोगे (roge)
Instrumental (third)	रोगेन (rogena)	रोगेहि (rogehi) or रोगेभि (rogebhi)
Dative (fourth)	रोगस्स (rogassa) or रोगाय (rogāya) or रोगत्थं (rogatthaṃ)	रोगानं (rogānaṃ)
Ablative (fifth)	रोगस्मा (rogasmā) or रोगम्हा (rogamhā) or रोगा (rogā)	रोगेहि (rogehi) or रोगेभि (rogebhi)
Genitive (sixth)	रोगस्स (rogassa)	रोगानं (rogānaṃ)
Locative (seventh)	रोगस्मिं (rogasmiṃ) or रोगम्हि (rogamhi) or रोगे (roge)	रोगेसु (rogesu)
Vocative (calling)	रोग (roga)	रोगा (rogā)

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

ৰোগ (Assamese script)
ᬭᭀᬕ (Balinese script)
রোগ (Bengali script)
𑰨𑰺𑰐 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀭𑁄𑀕 (Brahmi script)
ရောဂ (Burmese script)
રોગ (Gujarati script)
ਰੋਗ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌰𑍋𑌗 (Grantha script)
ꦫꦺꦴꦒ (Javanese script)
𑂩𑂷𑂏 (Kaithi script)
ರೋಗ (Kannada script)
រោគ (Khmer script)
ໂຣຄ (Lao script)
രോഗ (Malayalam script)
ᡵᠣᡤᠠ (Manchu script)
𑘨𑘻𑘐 (Modi script)
ᠷᠣᠸᠠᠺᠠ (Mongolian script)
𑧈𑧜𑦰 (Nandinagari script)
𑐬𑑀𑐐 (Newa script)
ରୋଗ (Odia script)
ꢬꣂꢔ (Saurashtra script)
𑆫𑆾𑆓 (Sharada script)
𑖨𑖺𑖐 (Siddham script)
රොග (Sinhalese script)
𑩼𑩕𑩞 (Soyombo script)
𑚤𑚴𑚌 (Takri script)
ரோக³ (Tamil script)
రోగ (Telugu script)
โรค (Thai script)
རོ་ག (Tibetan script)
𑒩𑒼𑒑 (Tirhuta script)
𑨫𑨆𑨍 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *lewǵ-

Sanskrit रुज् (ruj)

Sanskrit रोग

From the root रुज् (ruj).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /ɾɐ́w.ɡɐ/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /ɾoː.ɡɐ/

Noun

रोग॑ • (róga) stem, m

‘breaking up of strength’; disease, infirmity, sickness, ache
- c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.50.11:
  हृद्-रोगं मम सूर्य हरिमाणं च नाशय ॥
  hṛd-rogaṃ mama sūrya harimāṇaṃ ca nāśaya.
  O Sūrya remove my heart's disease, take from me this my yellow hue [jaundice].
- c. 1200 BCE – 1000 BCE, Atharvaveda 2.3.3:
  तदास्रावस्य भेषजं तदु रोगम् अनीनशत्॥
  tadāsrāvasya bheṣajaṃ tadu rogam anīnaśat.
  This is the cure for morbid flow, this driveth the malady away.

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of रोग
	singular	dual	plural
nominative	रोगः (rogaḥ)	रोगौ (rogau) रोगा¹ (rogā¹)	रोगाः (rogāḥ) रोगासः¹ (rogāsaḥ¹)
accusative	रोगम् (rogam)	रोगौ (rogau) रोगा¹ (rogā¹)	रोगान् (rogān)
instrumental	रोगेण (rogeṇa)	रोगाभ्याम् (rogābhyām)	रोगैः (rogaiḥ) रोगेभिः¹ (rogebhiḥ¹)
dative	रोगाय (rogāya)	रोगाभ्याम् (rogābhyām)	रोगेभ्यः (rogebhyaḥ)
ablative	रोगात् (rogāt)	रोगाभ्याम् (rogābhyām)	रोगेभ्यः (rogebhyaḥ)
genitive	रोगस्य (rogasya)	रोगयोः (rogayoḥ)	रोगाणाम् (rogāṇām)
locative	रोगे (roge)	रोगयोः (rogayoḥ)	रोगेषु (rogeṣu)
vocative	रोग (roga)	रोगौ (rogau) रोगा¹ (rogā¹)	रोगाः (rogāḥ) रोगासः¹ (rogāsaḥ¹)

¹Vedic

Derived terms

हृद्रोग (hṛdroga, “heart-ache, heart-disease”)
रोगिन् (rogin)

Descendants

Prakrit: 𑀭𑁄𑀅 (roa)
Pali: roga
→ Bengali: রোগ (rōg)
→ Burmese: ရောဂါ (rau:ga) (or borrowed from Pali)
→ Hindi: रोग (rog)
→ Kannada: ರೋಗ (rōga)
→ Khmer: រោគ (rook)
→ Lao: ໂລກ (lōk)
→ Malayalam: രോഗം (rōgaṁ)
→ Marathi: रोग (rog)
→ Sinhalese: රෝග (rōga)
→ Tamil: ரோகம் (rōkam)
→ Telugu: రోగము (rōgamu)
→ Thai: โรค (rôok)

References

Monier Williams (1899), “रोग”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 0888, column 3.
Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “rṓga”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 626
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “ROJ (> line 8 > róga- m. Gebrechen, Krankheit)”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 465