मा

See also: माँ, मां, मैं, म, में, मी, and मा़

Garhwali

Verb

मा (mā) (transitive)

  1. have
    मेमा यअक किताब न्ही च।
    memā yaak kitāb nhī ca.
    I don't have a book.

Nepali

Etymology

Ultimately from Sanskrit मध्य (madhya), cognate with Hindi में (mẽ).

Pronunciation

  • IPA(key): [mä]
  • Phonetic Devanagari: मा

Postposition

मा • (mā)

  1. in, at, on

Newar

Pronunciation

Noun

मा • (mā) ? (Newa Spelling 𑐩𑐵)

  1. plant

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

Alternative scripts
  • মা (Assamese script)
  • ᬫᬵ (Balinese script)
  • মা (Bengali script)
  • 𑰦𑰯 (Bhaiksuki script)
  • 𑀫𑀸 (Brahmi script)
  • မာ (Burmese script)
  • મા (Gujarati script)
  • ਮਾ (Gurmukhi script)
  • 𑌮𑌾 (Grantha script)
  • ꦩꦴ (Javanese script)
  • 𑂧𑂰 (Kaithi script)
  • ಮಾ (Kannada script)
  • មា (Khmer script)
  • ມາ (Lao script)
  • മാ (Malayalam script)
  • ᠮᠠᢇ (Manchu script)
  • 𑘦𑘰 (Modi script)
  • ᠮᠠ᠋᠎ᠠ (Mongolian script)
  • 𑧆𑧑 (Nandinagari script)
  • 𑐩𑐵 (Newa script)
  • ମା (Odia script)
  • ꢪꢵ (Saurashtra script)
  • 𑆩𑆳 (Sharada script)
  • 𑖦𑖯 (Siddham script)
  • මා (Sinhalese script)
  • 𑩴𑩛 (Soyombo script)
  • 𑚢𑚭 (Takri script)
  • மா (Tamil script)
  • మా (Telugu script)
  • มา (Thai script)
  • མཱ (Tibetan script)
  • 𑒧𑒰 (Tirhuta script)
  • 𑨢𑨊 (Zanabazar Square script)

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

    From Proto-Indo-Iranian *máH, from Proto-Indo-European *méh₁ (prohibitive particle). Cognate with Albanian mo (“do not”), Ancient Greek μή (mḗ, “not, do not”), Old Armenian մի (mi, “no, not”), Avestan 𐬨𐬁 (mā), Old Persian 𐎶𐎠 (m-a /⁠mā⁠/) (whence Persian مـ (ma-)).[1]

    Particle

    मा • (mā́)

    1. don't (prohibitive particle)
      • c. 1500 BCE – 1000 BCE, Ṛgveda 1.5.10:
        मा नो॒ मर्ता॑ अ॒भि द्रु॑हन्।
        त॒नूना॑मिंद्र गिर्वणः।
        ईशा॑नो यवया व॒धम्॥
        mā́ no mártā abhí druhan
        tanū́nām indra girvaṇaḥ
        ī́śāno yavayā vadhám
        O Indra, thou who lovest song,
        do not let any man hurt our bodies.
        Keep slaughter far from us for thou canst.
    Derived terms
    Descendants
    Terms inherited from मा (mā́)
    • Ashokan Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸 (mā)
      • Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸 (mā)
        • Apabhramsa: म (ma) (see there for further descendants)
      • ⇒ Prakrit: 𑀫𑀸𑀇𑀅 (māia), 𑀫𑀸𑀇 (māi), 𑀫𑀇𑀅 (maïa)
      • ⇒ Prakrit: 𑀫𑀁𑀢 (maṃta)
        • Gurjara Apabhramsa:
        • Takka Apabhramsa:
          • Old Punjabi: ਮਤ (mata), ਮਤਿ (mati), ਮਤੁ (matu)
        • Vracada Apabhramsa:
          • Sindhi:
            Arabic script: مَتان (matā̃), مَتَڻ (mataṇ), مَتُڻِ (matuṇi)
            Devanagari script: मतां, मतण, मतुणि
        • Sauraseni Prakrit:
          • Sauraseni Apabhramsa:
    • Dardic:
      • Kalasha: mo
      • Kashmiri: مَہ (mah)
    • Gandhari: 𐨨 (ma)
    • Pali: mā

    References

    1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “mā́ Prohibitivnegation”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[1] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 343

    Further reading

    Etymology 2

    From the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *éǵh₂. Cognate with Ancient Greek με (me), ἐμέ (emé), Latin mē, Old English me.

    Pronoun

    मा • (mā)

    1. (enclitic) accusative singular of अहम् (ahám)
      Synonym: माम् (mā́m)

    Etymology 3

      Onomatopoeic; compare मय (máya, “horse”) and मयु (mayú, “monkey”), which are probably connected to the root, as well as similar formations throughout Indo-European such as Ancient Greek μῐνῠρῐ́ζω (mĭnŭrĭ́zō, “to whimper, warble”).[1]

      Root

      मा • (mā)

      1. to sound, bellow, bleat
      Derived terms
      Primary verbal forms
      • मिमा॑ति (mímāti, present)
      • मि॒माय॑ (mimā́ya, perfect)
      Non-finite forms
      • मातवै (mātavai, infinitive)
      Derived nominal forms
      • मा॒यु (māyú)


      References

      1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “MĀ1 brüllen”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[2] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 341

      Further reading


      Etymology 4

        Inherited from Proto-Indo-Aryan *maH-, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *maH-, from Proto-Indo-European *meh₁- (“to measure”).[1]

        Root

        मा • (mā)

        1. to measure
        Derived terms
        Primary verbal forms
        • मिमी॑ते (mímīte, present)
        • माति॑ (mā́ti, present)
        • मायते (māyate, present)
        • मा॒स्यति॑ (māsyáti, future)
        • मा॒ता (mātā́, periphrastic future)
        • अमा॑सि (ámāsi, aorist)
        • अमा॑सीत् (ámāsīt, aorist)
        • म॒मौ (mamáu, perfect)
        • म॒मे (mamé, perfect)
        Secondary forms
        • मी॒यते॑ (mīyáte, passive)
        • अमा॑यि (ámāyi, passive aorist)
        • मा॒पय॑ति (māpáyati, causative)
        • अमी॑मपत् (ámīmapat, causative aorist)
        • मित्सति (mitsati, desiderative)
        • मेमीयते (memīyate, intensive)
        • मामाति (māmāti, intensive)
        Non-finite forms
        • मि॒त (mitá, past participle)
        • मातुम् (mātum, infinitive)
        • मितुम् (mitum, infinitive)
        • मामे (māme, infinitive)
        • मा॒मै (māmái, infinitive)
        • मि॒त्वा (mitvā́, gerund)
        • मी॒त्वा (mītvā́, gerund)
        • माय॑ (mā́ya, gerundive)
        • मा॒त॒व्य (mātavyá, gerundive)
        Derived nominal forms
        Prefixed root forms
        Sanskrit terms belonging to the root मा (1 c, 9 e)
        Terms derived from the Sanskrit root मा (9 c, 0 e)

        Noun

        मा • (mā́) stem, f (root मा)

        1. measure
        2. authority
        3. light
        4. knowledge
        5. binding, fettering
        6. death
        Declension
        Feminine ā-stem declension of मा
        singular dual plural
        nominative माः (mā́ḥ) मौ (máu)
        मा¹ (mā́¹)         		माः (mā́ḥ)
        accusative माम् (mā́m) मौ (máu)
        मा¹ (mā́¹)         		माः (mā́ḥ)
        मः² (máḥ²)
        instrumental मा (mā́) माभ्या॑म् (mā́bhyām) माभिः॑ (mā́bhiḥ)
        dative मे (mé) माभ्या॑म् (mā́bhyām) माभ्यः॑ (mā́bhyaḥ)
        ablative मः (máḥ) माभ्या॑म् (mā́bhyām) माभ्यः॑ (mā́bhyaḥ)
        genitive मः (máḥ) मोः (móḥ) माना॑म् (mā́nām)
        माम्² (mā́m²)
        locative मि (mí) मोः (móḥ) मासु॑ (mā́su)
        vocative माः (mā́ḥ) मौ (máu)
        मा¹ (mā́¹)         		माः (mā́ḥ)
        • ¹Vedic
        • ²Perhaps

        References

        1. ^ Mayrhofer, Manfred (1996), “MĀ2 messen”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎[3] (in German), volume 2, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 341

        Further reading

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