जरयति

Sanskrit

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

জৰয়তি (Assamese script)
ᬚᬭᬬᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
জরয়তি (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰨𑰧𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀭𑀬𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဇရယတိ (Burmese script)
જરયતિ (Gujarati script)
ਜਰਯਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑌰𑌯𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦫꦪꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂩𑂨𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಜರಯತಿ (Kannada script)
ជរយតិ (Khmer script)
ຊຣຍຕິ (Lao script)
ജരയതി (Malayalam script)
ᡯᠠᡵᠠᠶᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘨𑘧𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠽᠠᠷᠠᠶ᠋ᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑧈𑧇𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐬𑐫𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଜରଯତି (Odia script)
ꢙꢬꢫꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆫𑆪𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖨𑖧𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ජරයති (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩼𑩻𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚤𑚣𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ஜரயதி (Tamil script)
జరయతి (Telugu script)
ชรยติ (Thai script)
ཛ་ར་ཡ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒩𑒨𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨫𑨪𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Etymology tree

Proto-Indo-European *ǵerh₂-

Proto-Indo-European *-yeti

Proto-Indo-European *-éyeti

Proto-Indo-European *ǵorh₂éyeti

Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́arHáyati

Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́arHáyati

Sanskrit जरयति

By surface analysis, जॄ (jṝ) +‎ -अयति (-ayati). From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́arHáyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ȷ́arHáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵorh₂éyeti. Cognate with Proto-Slavic *zoriti.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ́.jɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ.ɾɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

ज॒रय॑ति • (jaráyati) third-singular indicative (class 10, causative, root जॄ)

to make old
to wear out
to consume, digest

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: ज॒रयि॑तुम् (jaráyitum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	ज॒रयि॑तुम् jaráyitum
Gerund	ज॒र॒यि॒त्वा jarayitvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	ज॒र॒यि॒त॒व्य॑ / ज॒र॒नीय॑ jarayitavyà / jaranī́ya
Feminine Gerundive	ज॒र॒यि॒त॒व्या॑ / ज॒र॒नीया॑ jarayitavyā̀ / jaranī́yā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	ज॒रि॒त jaritá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	ज॒रि॒ता jaritā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	ज॒रि॒तव॑त् jaritávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	ज॒रि॒तव॑ती jaritávatī

Present: ज॒रय॑ति (jaráyati), ज॒रय॑ते (jaráyate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ज॒रय॑ति jaráyati	ज॒रय॑तः jaráyataḥ	ज॒रय॑न्ति jaráyanti	ज॒रय॑ते jaráyate	ज॒रये॑ते jaráyete	ज॒रय॑न्ते jaráyante
Second	ज॒रय॑सि jaráyasi	ज॒रय॑थः jaráyathaḥ	ज॒रय॑थ jaráyatha	ज॒रय॑से jaráyase	ज॒रये॑थे jaráyethe	ज॒रय॑ध्वे jaráyadhve
First	ज॒रया॑मि jaráyāmi	ज॒रया॑वः jaráyāvaḥ	ज॒रया॑मः / ज॒रया॑मसि¹ jaráyāmaḥ / jaráyāmasi¹	ज॒रये॑ jaráye	ज॒रया॑वहे jaráyāvahe	ज॒रया॑महे jaráyāmahe
Imperative
Third	ज॒रय॑तु jaráyatu	ज॒रय॑ताम् jaráyatām	ज॒रय॑न्तु jaráyantu	ज॒रय॑ताम् jaráyatām	ज॒रये॑ताम् jaráyetām	ज॒रय॑न्ताम् jaráyantām
Second	ज॒रय॑ jaráya	ज॒रय॑तम् jaráyatam	ज॒रय॑त jaráyata	ज॒रय॑स्व jaráyasva	ज॒रये॑थाम् jaráyethām	ज॒रय॑ध्वम् jaráyadhvam
First	ज॒रया॑णि jaráyāṇi	ज॒रया॑व jaráyāva	ज॒रया॑म jaráyāma	ज॒रयै॑ jaráyai	ज॒रया॑वहै jaráyāvahai	ज॒रया॑महै jaráyāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	ज॒रये॑त् jaráyet	ज॒रये॑ताम् jaráyetām	ज॒रये॑युः jaráyeyuḥ	ज॒रये॑त jaráyeta	ज॒रये॑याताम् jaráyeyātām	ज॒रये॑रन् jaráyeran
Second	ज॒रयेः॑ jaráyeḥ	ज॒रये॑तम् jaráyetam	ज॒रये॑त jaráyeta	ज॒रये॑थाः jaráyethāḥ	ज॒रये॑याथाम् jaráyeyāthām	ज॒रये॑ध्वम् jaráyedhvam
First	ज॒रये॑यम् jaráyeyam	ज॒रये॑व jaráyeva	ज॒रये॑म jaráyema	ज॒रये॑य jaráyeya	ज॒रये॑वहि jaráyevahi	ज॒रये॑महि jaráyemahi
Subjunctive
Third	ज॒रया॑त् / ज॒रया॑ति jaráyāt / jaráyāti	ज॒रया॑तः jaráyātaḥ	ज॒रया॑न् jaráyān	ज॒रया॑ते / ज॒रया॑तै jaráyāte / jaráyātai	ज॒रयै॑ते jaráyaite	ज॒रय॑न्त / ज॒रया॑न्तै jaráyanta / jaráyāntai
Second	ज॒रयाः॑ / ज॒रया॑सि jaráyāḥ / jaráyāsi	ज॒रया॑थः jaráyāthaḥ	ज॒रया॑थ jaráyātha	ज॒रया॑से / ज॒रया॑सै jaráyāse / jaráyāsai	ज॒रयै॑थे jaráyaithe	ज॒रया॑ध्वै jaráyādhvai
First	ज॒रया॑णि jaráyāṇi	ज॒रया॑व jaráyāva	ज॒रया॑म jaráyāma	ज॒रयै॑ jaráyai	ज॒रया॑वहै jaráyāvahai	ज॒रया॑महै jaráyāmahai
Participles
	ज॒रय॑त् jaráyat			ज॒रय॑माण / जरयाण² jaráyamāṇa / jarayāṇa²
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic ²Later Sanskrit

Imperfect: अज॑रयत् (ájarayat), अज॑रयत (ájarayata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अज॑रयत् ájarayat	अज॑रयताम् ájarayatām	अज॑रयन् ájarayan	अज॑रयत ájarayata	अज॑रयेताम् ájarayetām	अज॑रयन्त ájarayanta
Second	अज॑रयः ájarayaḥ	अज॑रयतम् ájarayatam	अज॑रयत ájarayata	अज॑रयथाः ájarayathāḥ	अज॑रयेथाम् ájarayethām	अज॑रयध्वम् ájarayadhvam
First	अज॑रयम् ájarayam	अज॑रयाव ájarayāva	अज॑रयाम ájarayāma	अज॑रये ájaraye	अज॑रयावहि ájarayāvahi	अज॑रयामहि ájarayāmahi

Future: ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑ (jarayiṣyáti), ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑ (jarayiṣyáte)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यति॑ jarayiṣyáti	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यतः॑ jarayiṣyátaḥ	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ति॑ jarayiṣyánti	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यते॑ jarayiṣyáte	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्येते॑ jarayiṣyéte	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यन्ते॑ jarayiṣyánte
Second	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यसि॑ jarayiṣyási	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यथः॑ jarayiṣyáthaḥ	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यथ॑ jarayiṣyátha	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यसे॑ jarayiṣyáse	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्येथे॑ jarayiṣyéthe	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यध्वे॑ jarayiṣyádhve
First	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यामि॑ jarayiṣyā́mi	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यावः॑ jarayiṣyā́vaḥ	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यामः॑ / ज॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑सि¹ jarayiṣyā́maḥ / jarayiṣyā́masi¹	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्ये jarayiṣyé	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्याव॑हे jarayiṣyā́vahe	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्याम॑हे jarayiṣyā́mahe
Participles
	ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यत् jarayiṣyát			ज॒र॒यि॒ष्यमा॑ण jarayiṣyámāṇa
Notes	¹Vedic

Conditional: अज॑रयिष्यत् (ájarayiṣyat), अज॑रयिष्यत (ájarayiṣyata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अज॑रयिष्यत् ájarayiṣyat	अज॑रयिष्यताम् ájarayiṣyatām	अज॑रयिष्यन् ájarayiṣyan	अज॑रयिष्यत ájarayiṣyata	अज॑रयिष्येताम् ájarayiṣyetām	अज॑रयिष्यन्त ájarayiṣyanta
Second	अज॑रयिष्यः ájarayiṣyaḥ	अज॑रयिष्यतम् ájarayiṣyatam	अज॑रयिष्यत ájarayiṣyata	अज॑रयिष्यथाः ájarayiṣyathāḥ	अज॑रयिष्येथाम् ájarayiṣyethām	अज॑रयिष्यध्वम् ájarayiṣyadhvam
First	अज॑रयिष्यम् ájarayiṣyam	अज॑रयिष्याव ájarayiṣyāva	अज॑रयिष्याम ájarayiṣyāma	अज॑रयिष्ये ájarayiṣye	अज॑रयिष्यावहि ájarayiṣyāvahi	अज॑रयिष्यामहि ájarayiṣyāmahi

Benedictive/Precative: ज॒र्यात् (jaryā́t) or ज॒र्याः (jaryā́ḥ), ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट (jarayiṣīṣṭá)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	ज॒र्यात् / ज॒र्याः¹ jaryā́t / jaryā́ḥ¹	ज॒र्यास्ता॑म् jaryā́stām	ज॒र्यासुः॑ jaryā́suḥ	ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ट jarayiṣīṣṭá	ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्ता॑म्² jarayiṣīyā́stām²	ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒रन् jarayiṣīrán
Second	ज॒र्याः jaryā́ḥ	ज॒र्यास्त॑म् jaryā́stam	ज॒र्यास्त॑ jaryā́sta	ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒ष्ठाः jarayiṣīṣṭhā́ḥ	ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒यास्था॑म्² jarayiṣīyā́sthām²	ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒ढ्वम् jarayiṣīḍhvám
First	ज॒र्यास॑म् jaryā́sam	ज॒र्यास्व॑ jaryā́sva	ज॒र्यास्म॑ jaryā́sma	ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒य jarayiṣīyá	ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒वहि॑ jarayiṣīváhi	ज॒र॒यि॒षी॒महि॑ jarayiṣīmáhi
Notes	¹Vedic ²Uncertain

Perfect: ज॒र॒यामास॑ (jarayā́mā́sa) or ज॒र॒यांच॒कार॑ (jarayā́ṃcakā́ra), ज॒र॒यांच॒क्रे (jarayā́ṃcakré)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ज॒र॒यामास॑ / ज॒र॒यांच॒कार॑ jarayā́mā́sa / jarayā́ṃcakā́ra	ज॒र॒यामा॒सतुः॑ / ज॒र॒यांच॒क्रतुः॑ jarayā́māsátuḥ / jarayā́ṃcakrátuḥ	ज॒र॒यामा॒सुः / ज॒र॒यांच॒क्रुः jarayā́māsúḥ / jarayā́ṃcakrúḥ	ज॒र॒यांच॒क्रे jarayā́ṃcakré	ज॒र॒यांच॒क्राते॑ jarayā́ṃcakrā́te	ज॒र॒यांच॑क्रि॒रे jarayā́ṃcakriré
Second	ज॒र॒यामासि॑थ / ज॒र॒यांच॒कर्थ॑ jarayā́mā́sitha / jarayā́ṃcakártha	ज॒र॒यामा॒सथुः॑ / ज॒र॒यांच॒क्रथुः॑ jarayā́māsáthuḥ / jarayā́ṃcakráthuḥ	ज॒र॒यामा॒स / ज॒र॒यांच॒क्र jarayā́māsá / jarayā́ṃcakrá	ज॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒षे jarayā́ṃcakṛṣé	ज॒र॒यांच॒क्राथे॑ jarayā́ṃcakrā́the	ज॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒ध्वे jarayā́ṃcakṛdhvé
First	ज॒र॒यामास॑ / ज॒र॒यांच॒कर॑ jarayā́mā́sa / jarayā́ṃcakára	ज॒र॒यामा॑सि॒व / ज॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒व jarayā́māsivá / jarayā́ṃcakṛvá	ज॒र॒यामा॑सि॒म / ज॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒म jarayā́māsimá / jarayā́ṃcakṛmá	ज॒र॒यांच॒क्रे jarayā́ṃcakré	ज॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वहे॑ jarayā́ṃcakṛváhe	ज॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒महे॑ jarayā́ṃcakṛmáhe
Participles
	ज॒र॒यामा॑सि॒वांस् / ज॒र॒यांच॑कृ॒वांस् jarayā́māsivā́ṃs / jarayā́ṃcakṛvā́ṃs			ज॒र॒यांच॑क्रा॒ण jarayā́ṃcakrāṇá

References

Monier Williams (1899), “जरयति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 424, column 3.
William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 55

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “jāráyati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 287
Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1898–1899), “jaráyati”, in Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der altindischen Sprache (in German), Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, page 98
“जॄ” in Carl Cappeller, A Sanskrit–English Dictionary: Based upon the St. Petersburg Lexicons, Strasbourg: Karl J. Trübner, 1891, →OCLC, page 188, columns 1-2.
पाणिनि [Pāṇini] (c. 600–400 BCE), धातुपाठः [Dhātupāṭhaḥ] (in Sanskrit), verse 4.0025
Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “g̑erh₂-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 165
Grestenberger, Laura (30 August 2023), “Sound Change and Analogy, Again: Brugmann's Law and the Hunt For O-Grades in Indo-Iranian”, in Transactions of the Philological Society‎^[1], volume 122, number 1, John Wiley & Sons, →DOI, →ISSN, page 86
Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “jaráyant”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016