चलति

Pali

Alternative forms

Alternative scripts

calati (Latin script)
𑀘𑀮𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
চলতি (Bengali script)
චලති (Sinhalese script)
စလတိ or ၸလတိ (Burmese script)
จลติ or จะละติ (Thai script)
ᨧᩃᨲᩥ (Tai Tham script)
ຈລຕິ or ຈະລະຕິ (Lao script)
ចលតិ (Khmer script)
𑄌𑄣𑄖𑄨 (Chakma script)

Verb

चलति (root cal, first conjugation)

Devanagari script form of calati (“to move”)

Conjugation

Conjugation of "चलति"

	Singular	Plural
Present
1st	चलामि (calāmi)	चलाम (calāma)
2nd	चलसि (calasi)	चलथ (calatha)
3rd	चलति (calati)	चलन्ति (calanti)
Imperative
1st	चलामि (calāmi)	चलाम (calāma)
2nd	चल (cala) or चलाहि (calāhi)	चलथ (calatha)
3rd	चलतु (calatu)	चलन्तु (calantu)
Optative
1st	चलेय्यामि (caleyyāmi) or चलेय्यं (caleyyaṃ) or चले (cale)	चलेय्याम (caleyyāma)
2nd	चलेय्यासि (caleyyāsi) or चले (cale)	चलेय्याथ (caleyyātha)
3rd	चलेय्य (caleyya) or चले (cale)	चलेय्युं (caleyyuṃ)

Present active participle: चलन्त् (calant), which see for forms and usage
Present middle participle: चलमान (calamāna), which see for forms and usage

Adjective

चलति

Devanagari script form of calati, masculine/neuter locative singular of चलन्त् (calant), present participle of the verb above

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

চলতি (Assamese script)
ᬘᬮᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
চলতি (Bengali script)
𑰓𑰩𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀘𑀮𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
စလတိ (Burmese script)
ચલતિ (Gujarati script)
ਚਲਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌚𑌲𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦕꦭꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂒𑂪𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಚಲತಿ (Kannada script)
ចលតិ (Khmer script)
ຈລຕິ (Lao script)
ചലതി (Malayalam script)
ᢜᠠᠯᠠᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘓𑘩𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᢋᠠᠯᠠᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦳𑧉𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐔𑐮𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଚଲତି (Odia script)
ꢗꢭꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆖𑆬𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖓𑖩𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
චලති (Sinhalese script)
𑩡𑩽𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚏𑚥𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
சலதி (Tamil script)
చలతి (Telugu script)
จลติ (Thai script)
ཙ་ལ་ཏི (Tibetan script)
𑒔𑒪𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨣𑨬𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

From earlier चरति (cárati), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *čárHati, from Proto-Indo-European *kʷélh₁-e-ti, from *kʷelh₁- (“to move; to turn (around)”). Cognate with Ancient Greek πέλω (pélō), Latin colō.

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ́.lɐ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /t͡ɕɐ.l̪ɐ.t̪i/

Verb

चल॑ति • (cálati) third-singular indicative (class 1, type P, root चल्)

to walk
(intransitive) to shiver
(intransitive) to tremble, quake, stir
to leave, go away, depart
to proceed, go on, continue

Conjugation

Present: चल॑ति (cálati), चल॑ते (cálate)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	चल॑ति cálati	चल॑तः cálataḥ	चल॑न्ति cálanti	चल॑ते cálate	चले॑ते cálete	चल॑न्ते cálante
Second	चल॑सि cálasi	चल॑थः cálathaḥ	चल॑थ cálatha	चल॑से cálase	चले॑थे cálethe	चल॑ध्वे cáladhve
First	चला॑मि cálāmi	चला॑वः cálāvaḥ	चला॑मः / चला॑मसि¹ cálāmaḥ / cálāmasi¹	चले॑ cále	चला॑वहे cálāvahe	चला॑महे cálāmahe
Imperative
Third	चल॑तु cálatu	चल॑ताम् cálatām	चल॑न्तु cálantu	चल॑ताम् cálatām	चले॑ताम् cáletām	चल॑न्ताम् cálantām
Second	चल॑ cála	चल॑तम् cálatam	चल॑त cálata	चल॑स्व cálasva	चले॑थाम् cálethām	चल॑ध्वम् cáladhvam
First	चला॑नि cálāni	चला॑व cálāva	चला॑म cálāma	चलै॑ cálai	चला॑वहै cálāvahai	चला॑महै cálāmahai
Optative/Potential
Third	चले॑त् cálet	चले॑ताम् cáletām	चले॑युः cáleyuḥ	चले॑त cáleta	चले॑याताम् cáleyātām	चले॑रन् cáleran
Second	चलेः॑ cáleḥ	चले॑तम् cáletam	चले॑त cáleta	चले॑थाः cálethāḥ	चले॑याथाम् cáleyāthām	चले॑ध्वम् cáledhvam
First	चले॑यम् cáleyam	चले॑व cáleva	चले॑म cálema	चले॑य cáleya	चले॑वहि cálevahi	चले॑महि cálemahi
Subjunctive
Third	चला॑त् / चला॑ति cálāt / cálāti	चला॑तः cálātaḥ	चला॑न् cálān	चला॑ते / चला॑तै cálāte / cálātai	चलै॑ते cálaite	चल॑न्त / चला॑न्तै cálanta / cálāntai
Second	चलाः॑ / चला॑सि cálāḥ / cálāsi	चला॑थः cálāthaḥ	चला॑थ cálātha	चला॑से / चला॑सै cálāse / cálāsai	चलै॑थे cálaithe	चला॑ध्वै cálādhvai
First	चला॑नि cálāni	चला॑व cálāva	चला॑म cálāma	चलै॑ cálai	चला॑वहै cálāvahai	चला॑महै cálāmahai
Participles
	चल॑त् cálat			चल॑मान cálamāna
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अच॑लत् (ácalat), अच॑लत (ácalata)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अच॑लत् ácalat	अच॑लताम् ácalatām	अच॑लन् ácalan	अच॑लत ácalata	अच॑लेताम् ácaletām	अच॑लन्त ácalanta
Second	अच॑लः ácalaḥ	अच॑लतम् ácalatam	अच॑लत ácalata	अच॑लथाः ácalathāḥ	अच॑लेथाम् ácalethām	अच॑लध्वम् ácaladhvam
First	अच॑लम् ácalam	अच॑लाव ácalāva	अच॑लाम ácalāma	अच॑ले ácale	अच॑लावहि ácalāvahi	अच॑लामहि ácalāmahi

Derived terms

चालयति (cālayati)

Descendants

Dardic:
- Kashmiri: ژَلُن (ċalun)
- Pashayi:
  - Northwest Pashayi: čal-
  - Southeast Pashayi: čal-
Pali: calati
- → Khmer: ចល័ត (caʼlat)
Prakrit: 𑀘𑀮𑀤𑀺 (caladi)
- Central:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Hindustani: calnā
      - Hindi: चलना
      - Urdu: چَلنَا
        Old Awadhi: चलइ (calaï)
        
        → Bihari:
        Bhojpuri: चलल (calal)
        
        Maithili: चलब (calab)
    - Romani:
      - Caló: chalar
        → Spanish: chalar
- Eastern:
  - Magadhi Prakrit:
    - Assamese: চলা (sola), চলিব (solibo)
    - Bengali: চলা (cola)
    - Odia: ଚଳିବା (caḷibā)
- Northern:
  - Khasa Prakrit:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Garhwali: चल (cal)
      - Kumaoni: चलणो (calṇo)
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Nepali: चल्नु (calnu)
    - Western Pahari:
      - Bhadrawahi: चल्नू (calnū)
      - Chambeali: चलणा (calṇā)
- Northwestern:
  - Paisaci Prakrit:
    - Punjabi: calṇā
      Gurmukhi script: ਚਲਣਾ
      
      Shahmukhi script: چَلݨَا
- Southern:
  - Maharastri Prakrit:
    - Marathi: चालणे (cālṇe), चळणे (ċaḷṇe)
- Western:
  - Sauraseni Prakrit:
    - Old Gujarati:
      - Gujarati: ચાલવું (cālvũ)
      - Old Marwari: चलइ (calai)

References

Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “calati”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 256