घृ
Sanskrit
Alternative forms
- घर् (ghar)
Alternative scripts
Alternative scripts
- ঘৃ (Assamese script)
- ᬖᬺ (Balinese script)
- ঘৃ (Bengali script)
- 𑰑𑰴 (Bhaiksuki script)
- 𑀖𑀾 (Brahmi script)
- ဃၖ (Burmese script)
- ઘૃ (Gujarati script)
- ਘ੍ਰ (Gurmukhi script)
- 𑌘𑍃 (Grantha script)
- ꦓꦽ (Javanese script)
- 𑂐𑃂 (Kaithi script)
- ಘೃ (Kannada script)
- ឃ្ឫ (Khmer script)
- ຆ຺ຣິ (Lao script)
- ഘൃ (Malayalam script)
- ᢚᡵᡳ (Manchu script)
- 𑘑𑘵 (Modi script)
- ᠺᠾᠷᠢ (Mongolian script)
- 𑦱𑧖 (Nandinagari script)
- 𑐑𑐺 (Newa script)
- ଘୃ (Odia script)
- ꢕꢺ (Saurashtra script)
- 𑆔𑆸 (Sharada script)
- 𑖑𑖴 (Siddham script)
- ඝෘ (Sinhalese script)
- 𑩟𑩙 (Soyombo script)
- 𑚍 (Takri script)
- க்⁴ரி (Tamil script)
- ఘృ (Telugu script)
- ฆฺฤ (Thai script)
- གྷྲྀ (Tibetan script)
- 𑒒𑒵 (Tirhuta script)
- 𑨎𑨼𑨉 (Zanabazar Square script)
Pronunciation
- (Vedic) IPA(key): /ɡʱr̩/
- (Classical Sanskrit) IPA(key): /ɡʱr̩/
Etymology 1
Uncertain. According to Whitney, this root is probably identical with घृ (ghṛ, “to shine”), from *gʷʰer- (“to heat, burn”).[1] Semantically, the possible derivative ghṛtá (“ghee, fat”) may have emerged from the process of heating butter to produce ghee.[2] The LIV, however, classifies jígharti as possibly belonging to a separate Proto-Indo-European root of the shape *g(ṷ)her-. Nevertheless, according to the LIV, the existence of such a root in PIE is doubtful to a supposed lack of cognates.[3] Grestenberger suggests that Younger Avestan 𐬘𐬀𐬖𐬭𐬌 (jaγri) may serve as a possible Indo-Iranian cognate.[4] It is perhaps possible that term may connect to Middle Irish gert[5] and Ancient Greek μελιχρός (melikhrós), upon which basis Olsen reconstructs Proto-Indo-European *gʰer- (“to sprinkle”).[6]
Root
घृ • (ghṛ)
- to besprinkle
- to wet, moisten
Derived terms
Primary verbal forms
- जिघ॑र्ति (jígharti, present)
- घरति (gharati, present)
Secondary forms
- घ्रि॒यते॑ (ghriyáte, passive)
- घारयति (ghārayati, causative)
- घार्यते (ghāryate, passive of causative)
Non-finite forms
- घृ॒त (ghṛtá, past participle)
Derived nominal forms
- अ॒घा॒रिन् (aghārín)
- घृ॒त (ghṛtá)
- जघ्रि॑ (jághri)
Prefixed root forms
- आघृ (āghṛ)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root घृ (wet) (0 c, 3 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root घृ (wet) (5 c, 0 e)
Etymology 2
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer-
Sanskrit घृ
Inherited from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”).
Root
घृ • (ghṛ)
Usage notes
The verbs are not attested, only mentioned in the Dhātupāṭha.
Derived terms
Non-finite forms
- घृत (ghṛta, past participle)
Sanskrit terms belonging to the root घृ (shine) (0 c, 3 e)
Terms derived from the Sanskrit root घृ (shine) (15 c, 0 e)
References
- ^ William Dwight Whitney (1885), The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 43
- ^ Birgit Rasmussen Olsen (2011), “On Milk and Honey”, in Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft[1], volume 65
- ^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*g(w)her-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 197
- ^ Grestenberger, Laura (6 November 2010), “Why I? Indo-European *i-stems and the Vedic cákri-type”, in 22nd Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference[2], page 5
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959), “gherto-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 446
- ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (2024), Indo-European Interfaces: Integrating Linguistics, Mythology and Archaeology[3], volume 1, Stockholm University Press, →ISBN, pages 239-240
- Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “घृ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 687
- Monier Williams (1899), “घृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 378/2.
- Monier Williams (1899), “घृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 379/1.
- Arthur Anthony Macdonell (1893), “घृ”, in A practical Sanskrit dictionary with transliteration, accentuation, and etymological analysis throughout, London: Oxford University Press, page 89
- Otto Böhtlingk; Richard Schmidt (1879-1928), “घृ”, in Walter Slaje, Jürgen Hanneder, Paul Molitor, Jörg Ritter, editors, Nachtragswörterbuch des Sanskrit [Dictionary of Sanskrit with supplements] (in German), Halle-Wittenberg: Martin-Luther-Universität, published 2016
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “GHAR”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan][4] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 512-513
- Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956), Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary][5] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 357; 433
- Pokorny, Julius (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume II, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 457
- Mallory, J. P. with Adams, D. Q. (2006), The Oxford Introduction to Proto-Indo-European and the Proto-Indo-European World (Oxford Linguistics), New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 336