जिघर्ति

Sanskrit

Alternative scripts

জিঘৰ্তি (Assamese script)
ᬚᬶᬖᬃᬢᬶ (Balinese script)
জিঘর্তি (Bengali script)
𑰕𑰰𑰑𑰨𑰿𑰝𑰰 (Bhaiksuki script)
𑀚𑀺𑀖𑀭𑁆𑀢𑀺 (Brahmi script)
ဇိဃရ်္တိ (Burmese script)
જિઘર્તિ (Gujarati script)
ਜਿਘਰ੍ਤਿ (Gurmukhi script)
𑌜𑌿𑌘𑌰𑍍𑌤𑌿 (Grantha script)
ꦗꦶꦓꦂꦠꦶ (Javanese script)
𑂔𑂱𑂐𑂩𑂹𑂞𑂱 (Kaithi script)
ಜಿಘರ್ತಿ (Kannada script)
ជិឃត៌ិ (Khmer script)
ຊິຆຣ຺ຕິ (Lao script)
ജിഘര്തി (Malayalam script)
ᡯᡳᢚᠠᡵᢠᡳ (Manchu script)
𑘕𑘱𑘑𑘨𑘿𑘝𑘱 (Modi script)
ᠽᠢᠺᠾᠠᠷᢐᠢ (Mongolian script)
𑦵𑧒𑦱𑧈𑧠𑦽𑧒 (Nandinagari script)
𑐖𑐶𑐑𑐬𑑂𑐟𑐶 (Newa script)
ଜିଘର୍ତି (Odia script)
ꢙꢶꢕꢬ꣄ꢡꢶ (Saurashtra script)
𑆘𑆴𑆔𑆫𑇀𑆠𑆴 (Sharada script)
𑖕𑖰𑖑𑖨𑖿𑖝𑖰 (Siddham script)
ජිඝර්‍ති (Sinhalese script)
𑩣𑩑𑩟𑩼 𑪙𑩫𑩑 (Soyombo script)
𑚑𑚮𑚍𑚤𑚶𑚙𑚮 (Takri script)
ஜிக⁴ர்தி (Tamil script)
జిఘర్తి (Telugu script)
ชิฆรฺติ (Thai script)
ཛི་གྷ་རྟི (Tibetan script)
𑒖𑒱𑒒𑒩𑓂𑒞𑒱 (Tirhuta script)
𑨥𑨁𑨎𑨫𑩇𑨙𑨁 (Zanabazar Square script)

Etymology

Uncertain.

According to the LIV, perhaps derived from Proto-Indo-European *g^(w)hi-g^(w)hér-ti, itself perhaps from a root of the shape *g^(w)her-.^[1].
It may also derive from Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́igʰárti, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰʰigʰárti, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰi-gʷʰér-ti, from *gʷʰer- (“to be hot”).^[2]

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑí.ɡʱɐɾ.ti/
(Classical Sanskrit) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑi.ɡʱɐɾ.t̪i/

Verb

जिघ॑र्ति • (jígharti) third-singular indicative (class 3, type P, present, root घृ)

The meaning of this term is uncertain. Possibilities include:
1. to shine, be hot
2. to sprinkle, drip

Usage notes

The word is a hapax in the Rigveda.^[2]

Conjugation

Forms of Sanskrit verbs are numerous and complicated. The following conjugation shows only a subset of all forms and should be treated as a guide.

Nonfinite Forms: घर्तु॑म् (ghártum)
	Undeclinable
Infinitive	घर्तु॑म् ghártum
Gerund	घृ॒त्वा ghṛtvā́
	Participles
Masculine/Neuter Gerundive	घर्य॑ / घर्तव्य / घरणीय ghárya / ghartavya / gharaṇīya
Feminine Gerundive	घर्या॑ / घर्तव्या / घरणीया gháryā / ghartavyā / gharaṇīyā
Masculine/Neuter Past Passive Participle	घृ॒त ghṛtá
Feminine Past Passive Participle	घृ॒ता ghṛtā́
Masculine/Neuter Past Active Participle	घृ॒तव॑त् ghṛtávat
Feminine Past Active Participle	घृ॒तव॑ती ghṛtávatī

Present: जिघ॑र्ति (jígharti)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	जिघ॑र्ति jígharti	जि॒घृ॒तः jighṛtáḥ	जिघ्र॑ति jíghrati	- -	- -	- -
Second	जिघ॑र्षि jígharṣi	जि॒घृ॒थः jighṛtháḥ	जि॒घृ॒थ jighṛthá	- -	- -	- -
First	जिघ॑र्मि jígharmi	जि॒घृ॒वः jighṛváḥ	जि॒घृ॒मः / जि॒घृ॒मसि॑¹ jighṛmáḥ / jighṛmási¹	- -	- -	- -
Imperative
Third	जिघ॑र्तु jíghartu	जि॒घृ॒ताम् jighṛtā́m	जिघ्र॑तु jíghratu	- -	- -	- -
Second	जि॒घृ॒हि jighṛhí	जि॒घृ॒तम् jighṛtám	जि॒घृ॒त jighṛtá	- -	- -	- -
First	जिघ॑राणि jígharāṇi	जिघ॑राव jígharāva	जिघ॑राम jígharāma	- -	- -	- -
Optative/Potential
Third	जि॒घृ॒यात् jighṛyā́t	जि॒घृ॒याता॑म् jighṛyā́tām	जि॒घृ॒युः jighṛyúḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	जि॒घृ॒याः jighṛyā́ḥ	जि॒घृ॒यात॑म् jighṛyā́tam	जि॒घृ॒यात॑ jighṛyā́ta	- -	- -	- -
First	जि॒घृ॒याम् jighṛyā́m	जि॒घृ॒याव॑ jighṛyā́va	जि॒घृ॒याम॑ jighṛyā́ma	- -	- -	- -
Subjunctive
Third	जिघ॑रत् / जिघ॑रति jígharat / jígharati	जिघ॑रतः jígharataḥ	जिघ॑रन् jígharan	- -	- -	- -
Second	जिघ॑रः / जिघ॑रसि jígharaḥ / jígharasi	जिघ॑रथः jígharathaḥ	जिघ॑रथ jígharatha	- -	- -	- -
First	जिघ॑राणि / जिघ॑रा jígharāṇi / jígharā	जिघ॑राव jígharāva	जिघ॑राम jígharāma	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	जिघ्र॑त् jíghrat			- -
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Imperfect: अजि॑घः (ájighaḥ)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अजि॑घः ájighaḥ	अजि॑घृताम् ájighṛtām	अजि॑घरुः ájigharuḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	अजि॑घः ájighaḥ	अजि॑घृतम् ájighṛtam	अजि॑घृत ájighṛta	- -	- -	- -
First	अजि॑घरम् ájigharam	अजि॑घृव ájighṛva	अजि॑घृम ájighṛma	- -	- -	- -

Future: घ॒रि॒ष्यति॑ (ghariṣyáti)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	घ॒रि॒ष्यति॑ ghariṣyáti	घ॒रि॒ष्यतः॑ ghariṣyátaḥ	घ॒रि॒ष्यन्ति॑ ghariṣyánti	- -	- -	- -
Second	घ॒रि॒ष्यसि॑ ghariṣyási	घ॒रि॒ष्यथः॑ ghariṣyáthaḥ	घ॒रि॒ष्यथ॑ ghariṣyátha	- -	- -	- -
First	घ॒रि॒ष्यामि॑ ghariṣyā́mi	घ॒रि॒ष्यावः॑ ghariṣyā́vaḥ	घ॒रि॒ष्यामः॑ / घ॒रि॒ष्याम॑सि¹ ghariṣyā́maḥ / ghariṣyā́masi¹	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	घ॒रि॒ष्यत् ghariṣyát			- -
Notes	¹Vedic

Conditional: अघ॑रिष्यत् (ághariṣyat)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अघ॑रिष्यत् ághariṣyat	अघ॑रिष्यताम् ághariṣyatām	अघ॑रिष्यन् ághariṣyan	- -	- -	- -
Second	अघ॑रिष्यः ághariṣyaḥ	अघ॑रिष्यतम् ághariṣyatam	अघ॑रिष्यत ághariṣyata	- -	- -	- -
First	अघ॑रिष्यम् ághariṣyam	अघ॑रिष्याव ághariṣyāva	अघ॑रिष्याम ághariṣyāma	- -	- -	- -

Aorist: अघा॑र्षीत् (ághārṣīt) or अघाः॑ (ághāḥ)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	अघा॑र्षीत् / अघाः॑¹ ághārṣīt / ághāḥ¹	अघा॑र्ष्टाम् ághārṣṭām	अघा॑र्षुः ághārṣuḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	अघा॑र्षीः / अघाः॑¹ ághārṣīḥ / ághāḥ¹	अघा॑र्ष्टम् ághārṣṭam	अघा॑र्ष्ट ághārṣṭa	- -	- -	- -
First	अघा॑र्षम् ághārṣam	अघा॑र्ष्व ághārṣva	अघा॑र्ष्म ághārṣma	- -	- -	- -
Injunctive
Third	घार्षी॑त् / घाः¹ ghā́rṣīt / ghā́ḥ¹	घार्ष्टा॑म् ghā́rṣṭām	घार्षुः॑ ghā́rṣuḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	घार्षीः॑ / घाः¹ ghā́rṣīḥ / ghā́ḥ¹	घार्ष्ट॑म् ghā́rṣṭam	घार्ष्ट॑ ghā́rṣṭa	- -	- -	- -
First	घार्ष॑म् ghā́rṣam	घार्ष्व॑ ghā́rṣva	घार्ष्म॑ ghā́rṣma	- -	- -	- -
Subjunctive
Third	घर्ष॑त् / घर्ष॑ति ghárṣat / ghárṣati	घर्ष॑तः ghárṣataḥ	घर्ष॑न् ghárṣan	- -	- -	- -
Second	घर्षः॑ / घर्ष॑सि ghárṣaḥ / ghárṣasi	घर्ष॑थः ghárṣathaḥ	घर्ष॑थ ghárṣatha	- -	- -	- -
First	घर्षा॑णि ghárṣāṇi	घर्षा॑व ghárṣāva	घर्षा॑म ghárṣāma	- -	- -	- -
Notes	The subjunctive is only used in Vedic Sanskrit. ¹Vedic

Benedictive/Precative: घ्रि॒यात् (ghriyā́t) or घ्रि॒याः (ghriyā́ḥ)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Optative/Potential
Third	घ्रि॒यात् / घ्रि॒याः¹ ghriyā́t / ghriyā́ḥ¹	घ्रि॒यास्ता॑म् ghriyā́stām	घ्रि॒यासुः॑ ghriyā́suḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	घ्रि॒याः ghriyā́ḥ	घ्रि॒यास्त॑म् ghriyā́stam	घ्रि॒यास्त॑ ghriyā́sta	- -	- -	- -
First	घ्रि॒यास॑म् ghriyā́sam	घ्रि॒यास्व॑ ghriyā́sva	घ्रि॒यास्म॑ ghriyā́sma	- -	- -	- -
Notes	¹Vedic

Perfect: ज॒घार॑ (jaghā́ra)
	Active			Mediopassive
	Singular	Dual	Plural	Singular	Dual	Plural
Indicative
Third	ज॒घार॑ jaghā́ra	ज॒घ्रतुः॑ jaghrátuḥ	ज॒घ्रुः jaghrúḥ	- -	- -	- -
Second	ज॒घर्थ॑ jaghártha	ज॒घ्रथुः॑ jaghráthuḥ	ज॒घ्र jaghrá	- -	- -	- -
First	ज॒घर॑ / ज॒घार॑¹ jaghára / jaghā́ra¹	ज॒घृ॒व jaghṛvá	ज॒घृ॒म jaghṛmá	- -	- -	- -
Participles
	ज॒घृ॒वांस् jaghṛvā́ṃs			- -
Notes	¹Later Sanskrit

References

^ Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*g^(w)her-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 197
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 Grestenberger, Laura (2013), “The Indo-Iranian cákri-type”, in JAOS‎^[1], volume 133, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, page 277

William Dwight Whitney (1885), “ghṛ”, in The Roots, Verb-forms, and Primary Derivatives of the Sanskrit Language, Leipzig: Breitkopf and Härtel, page 43

Monier Williams (1899), “घृ”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, →OCLC, page 379, column 1.
Mayrhofer, Manfred (1992), “GHAR”, in Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindoarischen [Etymological Dictionary of Old Indo-Aryan]‎^[2] (in German), volume 1, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, pages 512-513
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995), New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 487: “jigharti 'moistens'”
Uhlenbeck, C. C. (1898–1899), “jígharti”, in Kurzgefasstes etymologisches Wörterbuch der altindischen Sprache (in German), Amsterdam: Johannes Müller, page 100
Fick, August (1890–1909), Vergleichendes Wörterbuch der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), 4th edition, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 586
Wackernagel, Jakob (1896-1964), Altindische Grammatik [Grammar of Ancient Indian] (Indogermanische Bibliothek. 2. Reihe: Wörterbücher) (in German), Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, page 520
Apte, Vaman Shivram (1890), “घृ”, in The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary, Poona: Prasad Prakashan, page 687

[LIV-1] Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “?*g^(w)her-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 197

[Grestenberger-2] 2.0 ^2.1 Grestenberger, Laura (2013), “The Indo-Iranian cákri-type”, in JAOS‎^[1], volume 133, number 2, →DOI, →ISSN, page 277

[1]

[2]