دیوار
Central Kurdish
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /diːwaːɾ/
Noun
| Northern Kurdish | dîwar |
|---|
دیوار (dîwar)
Khalaj
Noun
دیوار (duvâr) (definite accusative دیوارؽ, plural دیوارلار)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative | دیوار | دیوارلار |
| genitive | دیوارؽݧ | دیوارلارؽݧ |
| dative | دیوارقا | دیوارلارقا |
| definite accusative | دیوارؽ | دیوارلارؽ |
| locative | دیوارچا | دیوارلارچا |
| ablative | دیواردا | دیوارلاردا |
| instrumental | دیوارلا | دیوارلارلا |
| equative | دیوارواره | دیوارلارواره |
Ottoman Turkish
Etymology
Inherited from Old Anatolian Turkish دیوار (dīvār), from Classical Persian دِیوَار (dīwār, “wall”), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār, “wall”).
Noun
دیوار • (dîvâr or duvar) (definite accusative دیواری (dîvârı), plural دیوارلر (dîvârlar))
- wall
- Synonym: جدار (cidar)
- wall, (any structure built with stones, earth etc. built for defensive pruposes, surrounding a place)
- Synonym: سور (sur)
Derived terms
- بغدادی دیوار (bağdadî dîvâr, “wall of lath and plaster”)
- در و دیوار (der ve dîvâr, “a house, as a whole”, literally “door and wall”)
- درت دیوار آراسی (dört dîvâr arası, “captivity”, literally “the space inside four walls”)
- دیوار آردی (dîvâr ardı, “coward”, literally “the back of a wall”)
- دیوار اورمك (dîvâr örmek, “to build a wall”)
- دیوار چاكی (dîvâr çañı, “suspended board used as a substitute for a church-bell”)
- دیوار چكمك (dîvâr çekmek, “to wall up”)
- دیوار یاران (dîvâr yaran, “Satan, the Devil”, literally “wall cleaver”)
- دیوارجی (dîvârcı, “mason, bricklayer”)
- دیوارسز (dîvârsız, “unwalled”)
- دیوارلاتمق (dîvârlatmak, “to make or let be walled”)
- دیوارلامق (dîvârlamak, “to enclose with walls”)
- دیوارلانمق (dîvârlanmak, “to be walled up”)
- دیوارلو (dîvârlı, “walled”)
- دیوارچه (dîvârçe, “little wall”)
- شاه دیوار (şah dîvâr, “bearing wall”)
- صور دیوار (sur dîvâr, “solid wall”)
- قلعه دیواری (kalʼe dîvâr, “rampart”)
- قورو دیوار (kuru dîvâr, “bare wall”)
Descendants
- Turkish: duvar
- → Bulgarian: дува́р (duvár)
- → Greek: ντουβάρι (ntouvári)
- → Macedonian: дувар (duvar)
- → Serbo-Croatian:
Further reading
click to expand
- Barbier de Meynard, Charles (1881), “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français, volume I, Paris: E. Leroux, page 785
- Çağbayır, Yaşar (2007), “duvar”, in Ötüken Türkçe Sözlük (in Turkish), volume 1, Istanbul: Ötüken Neşriyat, page 1314
- Hindoglu, Artin (1838), “دیوار”, in Hazine-i lûgat ou dictionnaire abrégé turc-français[1], Vienna: F. Beck, page 240b
- Kélékian, Diran (1911), “دیوار”, in Dictionnaire turc-français[2] (in French), Constantinople: Mihran, page 601
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1687), “Murus”, in Complementum thesauri linguarum orientalium, seu onomasticum latino-turcico-arabico-persicum, simul idem index verborum lexici turcico-arabico-persici, quod latinâ, germanicâ, aliarumque linguarum adjectâ nomenclatione nuper in lucem editum[3], Vienna, column 1106
- Meninski, Franciszek à Mesgnien (1680), “دیوار”, in Thesaurus linguarum orientalium, Turcicae, Arabicae, Persicae, praecipuas earum opes à Turcis peculiariter usurpatas continens, nimirum Lexicon Turkico-Arabico-Persicum[4], Vienna, column 2219
- Nişanyan, Sevan (2002–), “duvar”, in Nişanyan Sözlük
- Redhouse, James W. (1890), “دیوار”, in A Turkish and English Lexicon[5], Constantinople: A. H. Boyajian, page 940
Persian
Alternative forms
Etymology
Etymology tree
Proto-Indo-European *dʰóyǵʰos
Proto-Indo-Iranian *dʰáyȷ́ʰas
Proto-Iranian *dáyjah
Old Persian 𐎮𐎡𐎭𐎠 (di-i-d-a /didā-/)
Proto-Indo-European *wer-
Proto-Indo-European *wor-os
Proto-Indo-Iranian *wārás
Proto-Iranian *wārah
Old Persian *-wāra
Middle Persian dywʾl (/dēwār/)
Persian دیوار
Inherited from Middle Persian dywʾl (/dēwār/, “wall”), from Old Persian 𐎮𐎡𐎭𐎠 (di-i-d-a /didā-/, “wall, fortress”) + *-wāra. Compare Avestan 𐬛𐬀𐬉𐬰𐬀 (daēza, “wall”), Ancient Greek τεῖχος (teîkhos, “wall, fortifications”).
Pronunciation
- (Classical Persian) IPA(key): /deː.ˈwaːr/, /diː.ˈwaːr/
- (Dari, formal) IPA(key): [d̪eː.wɑ́ːɾ]
- (Iran, formal) IPA(key): [d̪iː.vɒ́ːɹ]
- (Tehrani) IPA(key): [d̪iː.vɒ́ːl̥]
- (Tajik, formal) IPA(key): [d̪e.vɔ́ɾ]
| Readings | |
|---|---|
| Classical reading? | dēwār, dīwār |
| Dari reading? | dēwār |
| Iranian reading? | divâr |
| Tajik reading? | devor |
- (Isfahan) IPA(key): /diːˈfɒ́ːl/
Audio (Iran): (file)
Noun
| Dari | دیوال, دیوار |
|---|---|
| Iranian Persian | |
| Tajik | девор] |
دیوار • (dēwār / divâr) (plural دیوارها (dēwār-hā / divâr-hâ), Tajik spelling девор)
- wall
- c. 1260s, Jalāl ad-Dīn Mohammad Rūmī, translated by Reynold A. Nicholson, مثنوی معنوی [Masnavi-ye-Ma'navi], volume I, verse 214:
- گرچه دیوار افکند سایهی دراز
باز گردد سوی او آن سایه باز- garči dēwār afkand sāya-yi darāz
bāz gardad sōy-i ō ān sāya bāz - Although the wall casts a long shadow, yet at last the shadow turns back again towards it [as the sun moves].
- garči dēwār afkand sāya-yi darāz
Derived terms
- دیوار کوتاه (dēwār-i kōtāh / divâr-e kutâh, “helpless person”, literally “low wall”)
- دیواره (dēwāra / divâre, “rim”)
Descendants
References
- MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “dēwār”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 26
- Miller, Corey; Livingston, Jace; Vinson, Mark; Triebwasser Prado, Thomas (2014), Persian Dialects: As Spoken in Iran[6], University of Maryland Center for Advanced Study of Language, page 14: “Peisikov (1960, section 25) notes several words with /r/ in the standard language that can be pronounced with /l/ in Tehrani: دیوار 'wall' /dival/, برق 'electricity' /bälɣ/, سوراخ 'hole' /sulax/.”
Punjabi
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār).
Noun
دِیْوَار • (dīvār) f (Gurmukhi spelling ਦੀਵਾਰ)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | دِیْوَار (dīvār) | دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ) |
| oblique | دِیْوَار (dīvār) | دِیْوَاراں (dīvārāṉ) |
| vocative | دِیْوَارے (dīvāre) | دِیْوَارو (dīvāro) |
| ablative | دِیْوَاروں (dīvāroṉ) | — |
| locative | دِیْوَاری (dīvārī) | دِیْوَارِیں (dīvārīṉ) |
| instrumental | دِیْوَارے (dīvāre) | دِیْوَارِیں (dīvārīṉ) |
Further reading
- Iqbal, Salah ud-Din (2002), “دیوار”, in vaḍḍī panjābī lughat (in Punjabi), Lahore: عزیز پبلشرز [ʻazīz pabliśarz]
- “ਦੀਵਾਰ”, in Punjabi-English Dictionary, Patiala: Punjabi University, 2026
Urdu
Etymology
Borrowed from Classical Persian دیوار (dīwār), from Middle Persian dywʾl (dēwār). Cognate to Punjabi دیوار (dīvār).
Noun
دیوار • (dīvār) f (Hindi spelling दीवार)
Declension
| singular | plural | |
|---|---|---|
| direct | دیوار (dīvār) | دیوار (dīvār) |
| oblique | دیوار (dīvār) | دیواروں (dīvārõ) |
| vocative | دیوار (dīvār) | دیوارو (dīvāro) |