خواجه

Borrowed from Classical Persian خواجه (xwāja).

خُوَاجَه (xowâçe)

1. teacher

   اَولِ اَلِبْ خُواجَه بَلُوى كُ ― awli alıp xowâçe belüwi kü ― ...'s son teacher Alıp's gravestone.

• Chuvash: хуҫа (huś̬a)
• >? Chuvash: каччӑ (kaččă)

• Erdal, Marcel (1993), Die Sprache der wolgabolgarischen Inschriften (in German), Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, →ISBN, page 164
• Tekin, Talât (1988), Volga Bulgar kitabeleri ve Volga Bulgarcası [Volga Bulgarian Ephitaphs and Volga Bulgarian Language]‎^[3] (in Turkish), Ankara: Türk Tarih Kurumu Basımevi, →ISBN, page 190

• խօճա (hoca) — Armeno-Turkish

Borrowed from Classical Persian خواجه (xwāja), ultimately from Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya).

خواجه • (hoca)

1. teacher
2. professor
3. master
4. hodja

• Turkish: hoca
  • → Adyghe: хъоджэ (ꭓʷodžɛ)
  • → English: hodja
  • → French: hodja
  • → German: Hodscha
  • → Serbo-Croatian: Hodža
  • → Portuguese: hodja
  • → Ubykh: [Term?] (/⁠χʷɜ́ɖ͡ʐɜ⁠/)
• → Albanian: hoxhë
• → Greek: χότζας (chótzas), Χατζάκης (Chatzákis)
• → Hungarian: hodzsa
• → Middle Armenian: խօջայ (xōǰay), խոջայ (xoǰay), խօճայ (xōčay)
  • Armenian: խոջա (xoǰa), հօճա (hōča), խօճա (xōča)
• → Romanian: hoge
• → Russian: ходжа́ (xodžá)
• → Serbo-Croatian:

  Cyrillic script: хоџа

  Latin script: hȍdža, Hodžić

• → Slovak: hodža

Ultimately derived from a Middle Indo-Aryan reflex of Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya, “teacher; preceptor; spiritual adviser”), via Central Asian intermediaries.^[1][2]

Various Middle Indo-Aryan reflexes are attested from all stages, including Maharastri Prakrit 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa), but the Central Asian loaning source most closely resembles an unattested *𑀯𑀸𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (*vājjhāa) — matching Sindhi واجهو (vājho, “Hindu schoolteacher”), cf. also Tamil வாத்தியார் (vāttiyār, “teacher; instructor; family priest”). The initial aspiration in Classical Persian خواجه (xwāja) is also found in Khwarezmian خواجیک (xwʾjyk /⁠xwājīk⁠/, “venerated man”) and Chinese 和尚 (héshàng, “Buddhist monk”) (see more there).

خواجه • (xwāja / xâje) (plural خواجه‌ها (xwāja-hā / xâje-hâ), or خواجگان, Tajik spelling хоҷа)

1. lord, master, owner
2. (archaic) dignitary, gentleman

   Synonyms: مهتر (mihtar / mehtar), بزرگ (buzurg / bozorg), سید (sayyid / sayyed), آقا (āqā / âġâ)

3. (archaic) wealthy man

   Synonyms: مالدار (māldār / mâldâr), ثروتمند (sarwatmand / servatmand)

4. (archaic) a polite form of address of a man, mister
5. Khwajah, vizier
   • 11th century, Abu'l-Fadl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-i Bayhaqi

     چون حسنک بیامد، خواجه بر پای خاست. چون او این مَکرمُت بکرد، همه – اگر خواستند یا نه – بر پای خاستند. بو سهل زوزنی بر خشم خود طاقت نداشت؛ برخاست، نه تمام و بر خویشتن می ژکید. احمد او را گفت: در همه کارها ناتمامی. وی نیک از جای بشد.

     When Hasanak came in, Khwaja [Ahmad] stood up. Since he performed this act of respect, everyone – whether they wanted or not – stood up. Bu Sahl Zawzani couldn't contain his anger. He stood up, but not completely, and was grumbling to himself. [Khwaja] Ahmad said to him: "In all tasks, you perform incompletely." He [Zawzani] became extremely angered.

6. (colloquial, historical) eunuch

   Synonym: اخته (axta / axte)

• Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “خواجه”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press.