𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅

Prakrit

Alternative forms

𑀉𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ujjhāa), 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀬 (uvajjhaya), 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀬 (uvajjhāya), 𑀉𑀯𑀛𑀸𑀬 (uvajhāya), 𑀊𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ūjjhāa), 𑀉𑀅𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uajjhāa)

Etymology

Inherited from Sanskrit उपाध्याय (upādhyāya).^[1] Cognate with Pali upajjhāya.

Noun

𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa) m (Devanagari उवज्झाअ, Kannada ಉವಜ್ಝಾಅ) (attested in Māhārāṣṭrī, Śaurasenī) ^[2]^[3]^[4]

teacher, preceptor
- c. 10th century CE, Rājaśekhara, Kappūra-Maṃjarī 1.9:
  𑀩𑀸𑀮𑀓𑀈 𑀓𑀇𑀭𑀸𑀑 𑀡𑀺𑀩𑁆𑀪𑀭-𑀭𑀸𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀢𑀳 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀑𑁇
  𑀇𑀅 𑀚𑀲𑁆𑀲 𑀧𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀀 𑀧𑀭𑀁𑀧𑀭𑀸𑀇 𑀫𑀸𑀳𑀧𑁆𑀧𑀫𑀸𑀭𑀽𑀠𑀁 𑁈𑁯𑁈
  bālakaī kaïrāo ṇibbhara-rāassa taha uvajjhāo.
  ia jassa paehim̐ paraṃparāi māhappamārūḍhaṃ .9.
  1901 translation by Charles Rockwell Lanman
  [The author of this work, Rājaśekhara,] has risen to lofty dignity
  by the successive steps of young poet, chief poet, and teacher of King Ṇibbhara [Mahendrapala I].

Declension

Magadhi declension of 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏 (uvajjhāe)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā)
Accusative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀁 (uvajjhāaṃ)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏 (uvajjhāe)
Instrumental	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀡 (uvajjhāeṇa) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀡𑀁 (uvajjhāeṇaṃ)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺 (uvajjhāehi) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (uvajjhāehiṃ)
Dative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀅 (uvajjhāāa)	—
Ablative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀤𑁄 (uvajjhāādo) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (uvajjhāatto) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (uvajjhāāhiṃto) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀤𑀼 (uvajjhāādu) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺 (uvajjhāāhi) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (uvajjhāaśuṃto) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀰𑀼𑀁𑀢𑁄 (uvajjhāeśuṃto) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (uvajjhāāhiṃto) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺 (uvajjhāāhi) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺 (uvajjhāehi) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀑 (uvajjhāāo) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀉 (uvajjhāāu) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀢𑁆𑀢𑁄 (uvajjhāatto) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀤𑁄 (uvajjhāādo) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀤𑀼 (uvajjhāādu)
Genitive	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀰𑁆𑀰 (uvajjhāaśśa) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀳 (uvajjhāāha)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀡𑀁 (uvajjhāāṇaṃ) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀁 (uvajjhāāhaṃ)
Locative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏 (uvajjhāe) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀳𑀺 (uvajjhāamhi) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (uvajjhāammi)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀰𑀼 (uvajjhāeśu) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀰𑀼𑀁 (uvajjhāeśuṃ)
Vocative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏 (uvajjhāe)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā)

Maharastri declension of 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀑 (uvajjhāo)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā)
Accusative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀁 (uvajjhāaṃ)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏 (uvajjhāe) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā)
Instrumental	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀡 (uvajjhāeṇa) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀡𑀁 (uvajjhāeṇaṃ)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺 (uvajjhāehi) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (uvajjhāehiṃ)
Dative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀅 (uvajjhāāa)	—
Ablative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀑 (uvajjhāāo) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀉 (uvajjhāāu) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺 (uvajjhāāhi) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀳𑀺𑀁𑀢𑁄 (uvajjhāāhiṃto)	—
Genitive	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (uvajjhāassa)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀡 (uvajjhāāṇa) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀡𑀁 (uvajjhāāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀫𑁆𑀫𑀺 (uvajjhāammi) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏 (uvajjhāe)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼 (uvajjhāesu) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (uvajjhāesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā)

Sauraseni declension of 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (masculine)
	singular	plural
Nominative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀑 (uvajjhāo)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā)
Accusative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀁 (uvajjhāaṃ)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏 (uvajjhāe)
Instrumental	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀡 (uvajjhāeṇa)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀳𑀺𑀁 (uvajjhāehiṃ)
Dative	—	—
Ablative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀤𑁄 (uvajjhāādo)	—
Genitive	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅𑀲𑁆𑀲 (uvajjhāassa)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆𑀡𑀁 (uvajjhāāṇaṃ)
Locative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏 (uvajjhāe)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼 (uvajjhāesu) or 𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀏𑀲𑀼𑀁 (uvajjhāesuṃ)
Vocative	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (uvajjhāa)	𑀉𑀯𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀆 (uvajjhāā)

Derived terms

𑀑𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ŏjjhāa) (see there for further descendants)
𑀑𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀬 (ŏjjhāya)

Descendants

⇒ Prakrit: 𑀑𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀅 (ŏjjhāa), 𑀑𑀚𑁆𑀛𑀸𑀬 (ŏjjhāya) — hiatus-filler form
- Apabhramsa:
  Devanagari script: ओझा (ojhā)
  Siddham script: 𑖌𑖕𑖿𑖖𑖯 (ojjhā), 𑖌𑖖𑖯 (ojhā)
  - Central Indo-Aryan:
    - Eastern Hindi:
      - Old Awadhi: ojhā
        Devanagari script: ओझा
        Kaithi script: 𑂋𑂕𑂰
        Awadhi: ojhā
        Devanagari script: ओझा
        Kaithi script: 𑂋𑂕𑂰
    - Western Hindi:
      - Braj: ओझा (ojhā)
      - Bundeli: ओझा (ojhā)
      - Kannauji: ओझा
      - Hindustani: ojhā
        Hindi: ओझा
        Urdu: اوجھا
  - Eastern Indo-Aryan:
    - Bengali-Assamese:
      - Early Assamese: ওঝা (öjha)
        Assamese: ওজা (üza)
      - Middle Bengali: ওঝা (ōjha)
        Bengali: ওঝা (ōjha)
    - Bihari:
      - Angika: ojhā
        Devanagari script: ओझा
        Kaithi script: 𑂋𑂕𑂰
      - Bhojpuri: ōjhā
        Devanagari script: ओझा
        Kaithi script: 𑂋𑂕𑂰
      - Magahi: ōjhā
        Devanagari script: ओझा
        Kaithi script: 𑂋𑂕𑂰
      - Maithili: ōjhā
        Devanagari script: ओझा
        Tirhuta script: 𑒍𑒗𑒰
    - Odia: ଓଝା (ojhā)
  - Northern Indo-Aryan:
    - Central Pahari:
      - Garhwali: ओझा (ojhā)
      - Kumaoni: ओझा
    - Eastern Pahari:
      - Doteli: ओझा (ojhā)
      - Nepali: ओझा (ojhā)
  - Northwestern Indo-Aryan:
    - Punjabic:
      - Punjabi: ojhā
        Gurmukhi script: ਓਝਾ
        Shahmukhi script: اوجھا
      - Saraiki:
        Devanagari script: ओझा (ojhā)
        Multani script: 𑊂𑊌 (uj /⁠ojhā⁠/)
        Shahmukhi script: اوجھا
    - Sindhic:
      - Kachchi: ojhā
        Gujarati script: ઓઝા
        Khudabadi script: 𑊸𑋄𑋠
      - Sindhi:
        Arabic script: اوجهو (ojho)
        Devanagari script: ओझो
        Khudabadi script: 𑊸𑋄𑋧 (ojho)
  - Western Indo-Aryan:
    - Middle Gujarati: ओझउ, ओझा
      - Gujarati: ઓઝો (ojho)
    - Rajasthani:
      - Malvi: ओझो (ojho)
      - Marwari:
        Devanagari script: ओझौ (ojhau)
        Mahajani script: 𑅔𑅜𑅒 (ojhu /⁠ojhau⁠/)
- → Tamil: ஓச்சன் (ōccaṉ)
- → Telugu: ఒజ్జే (ojjē)
→? Classical Persian: خْوَاجَه (xwāja)
- Tajik: хоҷа (xoja)
- → Arabic: خَوَاجَة (ḵawāja)
  - → English: howadji
- → Azerbaijani: xoca
- → Baluchi: واجہ
- → Bashkir: хужа (xuja)
- → Bengali: খোজা (khōja), খাজা (khaja)
- → Chagatai:
  - Uyghur: خوجا (xoja)
    - → Mandarin: 獲嘉 / 获嘉 (huòjiā)
  - Uzbek: xoja, xoʻja
- → Gujarati: ખોજા (khojā), ખોજો (khojo)
  - → English: Khoja
- → Hindustani:
  Hindi: ख़्वाजा (xvājā)
  Urdu: خواجہ (xājā, xvājā)
- → Kazakh: Қожа (Qoja)
- → Malay: khoja
  - Indonesian: khoja
- → Malayalam: കോയ (kōya)
- → Ottoman Turkish: خواجه (hâce, hoca), խօճա (hoca) — Armeno-Turkish
  - Turkish: hoca
    - → Adyghe: хъоджэ (ꭓʷodžɛ)
    - → English: hodja
    - → French: hodja
    - → German: Hodscha
    - → Serbo-Croatian: Hodža
    - → Portuguese: hodja
    - → Ubykh: [Term?] (/⁠χʷɜ́ɖ͡ʐɜ⁠/)
  - → Albanian: hoxhë
  - → Greek: χότζας (chótzas), Χατζάκης (Chatzákis)
  - → Hungarian: hodzsa
  - → Middle Armenian: խօջայ (xōǰay), խոջայ (xoǰay), խօճայ (xōčay)
    - Armenian: խոջա (xoǰa), հօճա (hōča), խօճա (xōča)
  - → Romanian: hoge
  - → Russian: ходжа́ (xodžá)
  - → Serbo-Croatian:
    Cyrillic script: хоџа
    Latin script: hȍdža, Hodžić
  - → Slovak: hodža
- → Punjabi:
  Gurmukhi script: ਖ਼ਵਾਜਾ (xavājā), ਖ਼ੋਜਾ (xojā)
  Shahmukhi script: خواجہ (xavāja), خوجہ (xoja)
- → Sindhi: خوجه, خواجه
- → Telugu: ఒజ్జ (ojja)(Please either change this template to {{desc}} or insert a ====Descendants==== section in ఒజ్జ#Telugu)
- → Turkmen: hoja, goja
→? Middle Chinese: 和尚 (hwa dzyang^H)

References

More information

^ Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “upādhyāya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 107: “Pk. uajjhāa-, uj°, oj°, ujjha- m.”
^ Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “उवज्झय, उवज्झाय”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 137.
^ Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, pages 14, 44, 197.
^ Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957), Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 121, 197: “ujjhāa, that is found in poetry in JM. […] stands for *ūjjhāa from *uujjhāa=M.Ś. uvajjhāa […] dhya=jjha: M.Ś. uvajjhāa”

[1] Turner, Ralph Lilley (1969–1985), “upādhyāya”, in A Comparative Dictionary of the Indo-Aryan Languages, London: Oxford University Press, page 107: “Pk. uajjhāa-, uj°, oj°, ujjha- m.”

[2] Sheth, Hargovind Das T[rikamcand] (1923–1928), “उवज्झय, उवज्झाय”, in पाइअ-सद्द-महण्णवो [pāia-sadda-mahaṇṇavo, Ocean of Prakrit words] (in Hindi), Calcutta: [Published by the Author], page 137.

[3] Woolner, Alfred Cooper, An Introduction to Prakrit‎, Calcutta: Baptist Mission Press, 1917, pages 14, 44, 197.

[4] Pischel, Richard; Jha, Subhadra (contributor) (1957), Comparative Grammar of the Prakrit Languages, Varanasi: Motilal Banarasidass, pages 121, 197: “ujjhāa, that is found in poetry in JM. […] stands for *ūjjhāa from *uujjhāa=M.Ś. uvajjhāa […] dhya=jjha: M.Ś. uvajjhāa”

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