վրէժ

See also: Վրէժ

Old Armenian

Etymology

Obviously an Iranian borrowing, but the exact source is uncertain.[1]

Olsen derives from an unattested Iranian descendant of Proto-Indo-European *wreg- (“to track, hunt, follow”), whence Sanskrit व्रजति (vrájati, “to go, walk, move”) and Proto-Germanic *wrēkō (“revenge; vengeance”).[2] The derivation from that Indo-European root was already suggested more than a century ago[3][4] but remained unaccepted[5] because of phonetic irregularity both as an inheritance or borrowing from the Iranian cognate (*վրաժ (*vraž) is expected in the second case). To overcome the problem with vocalism Olsen tentatively assumes the borrowing is from an East Middle Iranian language similar to Sogdian where a change of *ā to ē before palatals is known.[6]

Phonetically regular is Asatrian's derivation from Northwestern Iranian *wirēž, from the family of Manichaean Middle Persian 𐫇𐫡𐫏𐫝 (wryc /⁠wirēz⁠/, “flight, fleeing”), Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wlyhtn', wlyc- /⁠wirēxtan, wirēz-⁠/), Persian گریختن (gorixtan, “to flee, escape”), but he does not explain the sense development.[7] For this Iranian family see Cheung and ESIJa, without the Armenian.[8][9]

Noun

վրէժ • (vrēž)

  1. revenge, vengeance
    ի վրէժ ― i vrēž ― in return, in requital
    առնուլ, խնդրել, հանել զվրէժն, վրէժս պահանջել, հանել զքէն վրիժուն ― aṙnul, xndrel, hanel zvrēžn, vrēžs pahanǰel, hanel zkʻēn vrižun ― to avenge, to revenge, to avenge oneself, to take vengeance, to be revenged, to have revenge
    վրէժս լուծանիլ, պահանջիլ, տալ ― vrēžs lucanil, pahanǰil, tal ― to suffer vengeance, to bear punishment, to pay dear for, to smart for
    ի վրէժ նախատանաց դստեր իւրոյ ― i vrēž naxatanacʻ dster iwroy ― to avenge his daughter
    առից ի նմանէ զվրէժ իմ ― aṙicʻ i nmanē zvrēž im ― I will revenge myself or him, he shall pay me dearly
    խնդրեաց զվրէժ զրկելոյն ― xndreacʻ zvrēž zrkeloyn ― he avenged the wrongs of him who suffered
    հատուցից վրէժս թշնամեաց իմոց եւ ատելեաց իմոց հատուցից ― hatucʻicʻ vrēžs tʻšnameacʻ imocʻ ew ateleacʻ imocʻ hatucʻicʻ ― I will be avenged of my enemies and I will requite them who hate me
    եօթն վրէժս լուծցէ ― eōtʻn vrēžs luccʻē ― he shall be avenged seven-fold
  2. crime, offence

Declension

u-type
singular plural
nominative վրէժ (vrēž) վրէժք (vrēžkʻ)
genitive վրիժու (vrižu) վրիժուց (vrižucʻ)
dative վրիժու (vrižu) վրիժուց (vrižucʻ)
accusative վրէժ (vrēž) վրէժս (vrēžs)
ablative վրիժէ (vrižē) վրիժուց (vrižucʻ)
instrumental վրիժու (vrižu) վրիժուք (vrižukʻ)
locative վրիժու (vrižu) վրէժս (vrēžs)

Derived terms

  • աստուածավրէժ (astuacavrēž)
  • սահանավրէժ (sahanavrēž)
  • վրէժառութիւն (vrēžaṙutʻiwn)
  • վրէժխնդիր (vrēžxndir)
  • վրէժխնդրութիւն (vrēžxndrutʻiwn)
  • վրիժաբար (vrižabar)
  • վրիժաբեր (vrižaber)
  • վրիժագործ (vrižagorc)
  • վրիժագործակ (vrižagorcak)
  • վրիժագործութիւն (vrižagorcutʻiwn)
  • վրիժախնդիր (vrižaxndir)
  • վրիժախնդրական (vrižaxndrakan)
  • վրիժակ (vrižak)
  • վրիժակազէն (vrižakazēn)
  • վրիժակեմ (vrižakem)
  • վրիժապահանջ (vrižapahanǰ)

Descendants

  • → Armenian: վրեժ (vrež) (learned)

References

  1. ^ J̌ahukyan, Geworg (2010), “վրէժ”, in Vahan Sargsyan, editor, Hayeren stugabanakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), Yerevan: Asoghik, page 715b
  2. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999), The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 911
  3. ^ Bezzenberger, Adalbert; Fick, August (1881), “Nachträge zum indogermanischen Wörterbuch”, in Beiträge zur kunde der indogermanischen Sprachen (in German), volume 6, page 240 of 235–240
  4. ^ Tērvišean, Serovbē (1885), Hndewropakan naxalezu [The Proto-Indo-European Language] (in Armenian), Constantinople: Nšan K. Pērpērean, page 107
  5. ^ Ačaṙean, Hračʻeay (1979), “վրէժ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Armenian Etymological Dictionary] (in Armenian), 2nd edition, a reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, volume IV, Yerevan: University Press, pages 352–353
  6. ^ Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999), The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 861
  7. ^ Asatrian, Garnik (2011), A Comparative Vocabulary of Central Iranian Dialects‎[1] (in Persian), Tehran: Safir Ardehal Publications, page 83
  8. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 307–308
  9. ^ Edelʹman, D. I. (2020), Etimologičeskij slovarʹ iranskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Iranian Languages] (in Russian), volume 6, Moscow: Vostochnaya Literatura, page 345

Further reading

  • Awetikʻean, G.; Siwrmēlean, X.; Awgerean, M. (1836–1837), “վրէժ”, in Nor baṙgirkʻ haykazean lezui [New Dictionary of the Armenian Language] (in Old Armenian), Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
  • Petrosean, Matatʻeay (1879), “վրէժ”, in Nor Baṙagirkʻ Hay-Angliarēn [New Dictionary Armenian–English], Venice: S. Lazarus Armenian Academy
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