Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/wreg-

This Proto-Indo-European entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Indo-European

    Root

    *wreg-[1][2][3][4][5]

    1. to track, hunt, follow

    Alternative reconstructions

    • *h₁ureg-, *h₃ureg-[6]

    Derived terms

    Terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *wreg- (14 c, 0 e)
    • *wrég-e-ti (thematic root present)[2][5][7]
      • Proto-Balto-Slavic:[8]
        • >? Proto-Slavic: *vèrťi (“to throw; to leap”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Germanic: *wrekaną (“to track, pursue”) (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wráǰati
    • *wrḗg-s-t ~ *wrég-s-n̥t (s-aorist)[2]
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *Háwrākšat
        • Proto-Iranian: *Háwrāxšat
          • Old Avestan: 𐬎𐬭𐬎𐬎𐬁𐬑𐬱𐬀𐬝 (uruuāxšat̰, “to wander”, 3pl.aor.ind.; 3sg.aor.subj.)
    • *wrog-éye-ti (eye-causative)[2]
      • Proto-Germanic: *wrakjaną (see there for further descendants)
      • Proto-Indo-Iranian: *wrāǰáyati
        • Proto-Indo-Aryan: *wrāȷ́áyati
          • Sanskrit: व्राजयति (vrājáyati, “to let wander”)
    • *wr̥g-éye-ti[1][2]
      • Proto-Italic: *worgeō[9]
        • >? Latin: urgeō (“to urge, pressure”) (disputed[9]) (see there for further descendants)
    • *worg-o-s[10] (with liquid metathesis)
      • Proto-Tocharian: *werke (“chase, hunting”)[10]
    • *wróg-i-s ~ *wr̥g-éy-s
      • Proto-Anatolian: *urgis[11] (< leveled *wŕ̥gis[2][3][6][5][11])
        • Hittite: 𒌑𒌨𒆠𒂊𒊭 (u-ur-ki-eš), 𒌑𒌨𒆠𒄿𒊭 (u-ur-ki-iš /⁠ūrkiš⁠/, “trace, trail”)
    • *wr̥g-tó-s
      • Proto-Albanian: *ur(k)ta
        • >? Albanian: urtë (“quiet, intelligent”)

    References

    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Pokorny, Julius (1959), “*u̯reg-”, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1181: “*u̯r̥gei̭ō”
    2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Rix, Helmut, editor (2001), “*u̯reg-”, in Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben [Lexicon of Indo-European Verbs] (in German), 2nd edition, Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, →ISBN, page 697
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Mallory, J. P., Adams, D. Q., editors (1997), “*u̯reg-”, in Encyclopedia of Indo-European Culture, London, Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, page 284
    4. ^ Kölligan, Daniel (2017–2018), “Chapter XX: Proto-Indo-European”, in Klein, Jared S., Joseph, Brian D., Fritz, Matthias, editors, Handbook of Comparative and Historical Indo-European Linguistics: An International Handbook (Handbücher zur Sprach- und Kommunikationswissenschaft [Handbooks of Linguistics and Communication Science]; 41.2), Berlin; Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, →ISBN, § The lexicon of Proto-Indo-European, page 2248: “*u̯reg- ‘trace, follow’”
    5. ↑ 5.0 5.1 5.2 Byrd, Andrew Miles (2015), The Indo-European Syllable (Brill's Studies in Indo-European Languages & Linguistics; 15), Leiden: Brill, page 278: “*/u̯reg-/ ‘track’; *u̯rége-; *u̯ŕ̥gi-”
    6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), “ūrki-”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 5), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 927-828: “PIE *h₁/₃urg-i”
    7. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), “*wrekan-”, in Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 11)‎[1], Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 595
    8. ^ Lubotsky, Alexander (2011), “vraj”, in The Indo-Aryan Inherited Lexicon (in progress) (Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Project), Leiden University, page 596: “Proto-Indo-Iranian: (H)uarg- / (H)uarǰ-”
    9. ↑ 9.0 9.1 De Vaan, Michiel (2008), “urgeō”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 644
    10. ↑ 10.0 10.1 Adams, Douglas Q. (1999), “werke*”, in A dictionary of Tocharian B (Leiden Studies in Indo-European; 10), Amsterdam, Atlanta: Rodopi, →ISBN, page 664: “PTch *werke (as if) from a PIE *worKo-”
    11. ↑ 11.0 11.1 Noyer, Rolf (2011), “Sound Changes from PIE to Hittite”, in Department of Linguistics‎[2]: “PIE *u̯r̥g-i- > PA *úrg-i > H ūrki ‘trail’ < PIE *u̯reg ‘to track down’”
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