αἶσχος

See also: αίσχος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

The older comparison with Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍅𐌹𐍃𐌺𐌹 (aiwiski, “shame”) is generally abandoned in view of formal difficulties. De Lamberterie plausibly compares αἰδέομαι (aidéomai, “to be ashamed”), positing *aid-sk- for Greek, next to *aid-st- in Gothic 𐌰𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌽 (aistan, “to have regard for”). Furnée connects the word with Georgian ურცხვი (urcxvi, “shameless”), მორცხვი (morcxvi, “shy, coy”) and სირცხვილი (sircxvili, “shame, blemish”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /âi̯s.kʰos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.kʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.xos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xos/

Noun

αἶσχος • (aîskhos) n (genitive αἴσχεος or αἴσχους); third declension

shame; disgrace; a state of public reproach or dishonor
(Epic, in the plural) disgraceful deeds, shameful acts or words
ugliness; deformity; repulsiveness, of body or mind
1. (medicine) physical deformity; disfigurement
2. (rhetoric) blemish; impropriety (especially of expression or name)

Declension

Third declension of τὸ αἶσχος; τοῦ αἴσχους (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ αἶσχος tò aîskhos	τὼ αἴσχει tṑ aískhei	τᾰ̀ αἴσχη tằ aískhē
Genitive	τοῦ αἴσχους toû aískhous	τοῖν αἰσχοῖν toîn aiskhoîn	τῶν αἰσχῶν tôn aiskhôn
Dative	τῷ αἴσχει tōî aískhei	τοῖν αἰσχοῖν toîn aiskhoîn	τοῖς αἴσχεσῐ / αἴσχεσῐν toîs aískhesĭ(n)
Accusative	τὸ αἶσχος tò aîskhos	τὼ αἴσχει tṑ aískhei	τᾰ̀ αἴσχη tằ aískhē
Vocative	αἶσχος aîskhos	αἴσχει aískhei	αἴσχη aískhē
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Third declension of αἶσχος; αἴσχεος / αἴσχευς (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	αἶσχος aîskhos	αἴσχεε / αἴσχει aískhee / aískhei	αἴσχεᾰ aískheă
Genitive	αἴσχεος / αἴσχευς aískheos / aískheus	αἰσχέοιῐ̈ν aiskhéoiĭ̈n	αἰσχέων aiskhéōn
Dative	αἴσχεῐ̈ / αἴσχει aískheĭ̈ / aískhei	αἰσχέοιῐ̈ν aiskhéoiĭ̈n	αἴσχεσῐ / αἴσχεσῐν / αἴσχεσσῐ / αἴσχεσσῐν / αἰσχέεσσῐ / αἰσχέεσσῐν aískhesĭ(n) / aískhessĭ(n) / aiskhéessĭ(n)
Accusative	αἶσχος aîskhos	αἴσχεε / αἴσχει aískhee / aískhei	αἴσχεᾰ aískheă
Vocative	αἶσχος aîskhos	αἴσχεε / αἴσχει aískhee / aískhei	αἴσχεᾰ aískheă
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Derived terms

αἰσχόω (aiskhóō)
αἰσχρᾶ (aiskhrâ)
αἰσχρός (aiskhrós)
αἰσχροσύνη (aiskhrosúnē)
αἰσχρότης (aiskhrótēs)
αἰσχύνη (aiskhúnē)
αἰσχυντέον (aiskhuntéon)
αἰσχυντηλία (aiskhuntēlía)
αἰσχυντηλός (aiskhuntēlós)
αἰσχυντήρ (aiskhuntḗr)
αἰσχυντηρός (aiskhuntērós)
αἰσχυντικός (aiskhuntikós)
αἰσχυντός (aiskhuntós)
αἰσχύνω (aiskhúnō)
ἀναισχυντία (anaiskhuntía)
ἀναίσχυντος (anaískhuntos)

Descendants

Greek: αίσχος (aíschos)

References

“αἶσχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
“αἶσχος”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
“αἶσχος”, in Autenrieth, Georg (1891), A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
αἶσχος in Bailly, Anatole (1935), Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
αἶσχος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
αἶσχος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2026)
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- blemish idem, page 83.
- blot idem, page 85.
- blotch idem, page 85.
- contamination idem, page 166.
- defect idem, page 204.
- deformity idem, page 205.
- degradation idem, page 206.
- discredit idem, page 231.
- disfigurement idem, page 233.
- disgrace idem, page 233.
- dishonour idem, page 234.
- disrepute idem, page 239.
- flaw idem, page 326.
- frightfulness idem, page 345.
- hideousness idem, page 399.
- humiliation idem, page 410.
- ignominy idem, page 414.
- imperfection idem, page 420.
- infamy idem, page 437.
- scandal idem, page 737.
- shame idem, page 761.
- slur idem, page 786.
- stain idem, page 809.
- stigma idem, page 817.
- taint idem, page 852.
- tarnish idem, page 856.
- ugliness idem, page 905.
- uncomeliness idem, page 910.