αἰσχόω

See also: αισχόω

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Denominative from αἶσχος (aîskhos, “shame, disgrace”). A rare factitive verb, overlapping in meaning with αἰσχύνω (aiskhúnō), and noted as stylistically marked by ancient grammarians.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /ai̯s.kʰó.ɔː/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ɛsˈkʰo.o/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ɛsˈxo.o/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /esˈxo.o/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /esˈxo.o/

Verb

αἰσχόω • (aiskhóō)

to make shameful, disgrace, dishonor
to treat as shameful; to bring reproach upon

Conjugation

Present: αἰσχόω, αἰσχόομαι (Uncontracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	αἰσχόω	αἰσχόεις	αἰσχόει	αἰσχόετον	αἰσχόετον	αἰσχόομεν	αἰσχόετε	αἰσχόουσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	αἰσχόω	αἰσχόῃς	αἰσχόῃ	αἰσχόητον	αἰσχόητον	αἰσχόωμεν	αἰσχόητε	αἰσχόωσῐ(ν)
	optative	αἰσχόοιμῐ	αἰσχόοις	αἰσχόοι	αἰσχόοιτον	αἰσχοοίτην	αἰσχόοιμεν	αἰσχόοιτε	αἰσχόοιεν
	imperative		αἴσχοε	αἰσχοέτω	αἰσχόετον	αἰσχοέτων		αἰσχόετε	αἰσχοόντων
middle/passive	indicative	αἰσχόομαι	αἰσχόῃ, αἰσχόει	αἰσχόεται	αἰσχόεσθον	αἰσχόεσθον	αἰσχοόμεθᾰ	αἰσχόεσθε	αἰσχόονται
	subjunctive	αἰσχόωμαι	αἰσχόῃ	αἰσχόηται	αἰσχόησθον	αἰσχόησθον	αἰσχοώμεθᾰ	αἰσχόησθε	αἰσχόωνται
	optative	αἰσχοοίμην	αἰσχόοιο	αἰσχόοιτο	αἰσχόοισθον	αἰσχοοίσθην	αἰσχοοίμεθᾰ	αἰσχόοισθε	αἰσχόοιντο
	imperative		αἰσχόου	αἰσχοέσθω	αἰσχόεσθον	αἰσχοέσθων		αἰσχόεσθε	αἰσχοέσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		αἰσχόειν				αἰσχόεσθαι
participle	m	αἰσχόων				αἰσχοόμενος
	f	αἰσχόουσᾰ				αἰσχοομένη
	n	αἰσχόον				αἰσχοόμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Present: αἰσχῶ, αἰσχοῦμαι (Contracted)

number		singular			dual		plural
		first	second	third	second	third	first	second	third
active	indicative	αἰσχῶ	αἰσχοῖς	αἰσχοῖ	αἰσχοῦτον	αἰσχοῦτον	αἰσχοῦμεν	αἰσχοῦτε	αἰσχοῦσῐ(ν)
	subjunctive	αἰσχῶ	αἰσχοῖς	αἰσχοῖ	αἰσχῶτον	αἰσχῶτον	αἰσχῶμεν	αἰσχῶτε	αἰσχῶσῐ(ν)
	optative	αἰσχοίην, αἰσχοῖμῐ	αἰσχοίης, αἰσχοῖς	αἰσχοίη, αἰσχοῖ	αἰσχοῖτον, αἰσχοίητον	αἰσχοίτην, αἰσχοιήτην	αἰσχοῖμεν, αἰσχοίημεν	αἰσχοῖτε, αἰσχοίητε	αἰσχοῖεν, αἰσχοίησᾰν
	imperative		αἴσχου	αἰσχούτω	αἰσχοῦτον	αἰσχούτων		αἰσχοῦτε	αἰσχούντων
middle/passive	indicative	αἰσχοῦμαι	αἰσχοῖ	αἰσχοῦται	αἰσχοῦσθον	αἰσχοῦσθον	αἰσχούμεθᾰ	αἰσχοῦσθε	αἰσχοῦνται
	subjunctive	αἰσχῶμαι	αἰσχοῖ	αἰσχῶται	αἰσχῶσθον	αἰσχῶσθον	αἰσχώμεθᾰ	αἰσχῶσθε	αἰσχῶνται
	optative	αἰσχοίμην	αἰσχοῖο	αἰσχοῖτο	αἰσχοῖσθον	αἰσχοίσθην	αἰσχοίμεθᾰ	αἰσχοῖσθε	αἰσχοῖντο
	imperative		αἰσχοῦ	αἰσχούσθω	αἰσχοῦσθον	αἰσχούσθων		αἰσχοῦσθε	αἰσχούσθων
		active				middle/passive
infinitive		αἰσχοῦν				αἰσχοῦσθαι
participle	m	αἰσχῶν				αἰσχούμενος
	f	αἰσχοῦσᾰ				αἰσχουμένη
	n	αἰσχοῦν				αἰσχούμενον
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Usage notes

This verb is rare and largely restricted to literary usage. It functions as a factitive denominative from αἶσχος (aîskhos), partially overlapping with αἰσχύνω (aiskhúnō) (“to disgrace, to be ashamed”), which became the dominant verb in most periods. Ancient grammarians (e.g. Herodian) regarded αἰσχόω (aiskhóō) as stylistically questionable or non-standard.

Related terms

αἶσχος (aîskhos)
αἰσχρός (aiskhrós)
αἰσχύνω (aiskhúnō)
αἰσχύνη (aiskhúnē)

Descendants

None attested.

References

“αἰσχόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1940), A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “αἶσχος”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 44
“αἰσχόω”, in Liddell & Scott (1889), An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910), English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.